Final Exam

Front 1

Political economy

Back 1

A _______________ can be described as a society where their political relationships are intertwined with economic relations.

Front 2

All Band and Village Societies

Back 2

____________ and _____________ are the kinds of societies where leaders have authority and no power.

Front 3

Dictatorships (Nazi Germany)

Back 3

_________________ is the kind of societies where leaders have power and no authority.

Front 4

Magical Religon

Back 4

_____________________ is the mechanisms of thought control in ancient states.

Front 5

Media and state sponsored education systems

Back 5

_______________ and _______________ are the mechanisms of thought control in modern states.

Front 6

feel powerless

Back 6

State societies produce monumental architecture to make individual ________________.

Front 7

Political Power

Back 7

The ability to force others to behave in a certain way is called _____________.

Front 8

Authority

Back 8

____________ is the recognition by others of a leader's right or obligation to influence them (follow them)

Front 9

State level socieites

Back 9

Centralized government that defined territories, bureaucracy, standing armies, organized priesthood is called ________________.

Front 10

Central America, Mesopotamia, India, China, and Egypt.

Back 10

State level societies first developed in ___________, ____________, ___________, ___________, and ___________.

Front 11

Circumscribed Environments

Back 11

Area of high productivity surrounded by area of low productivity and also is a concentration of a population in a restricted habitat is called ________________.

Front 12

Electronic Opiates

Back 12

TV, radio, internet, movies, organized sports used to distract and amuse citizenry are called _______________.

Front 13

"Bread and Circuses"

Back 13

_______________ was when Roman empires gave free bread to get people to go to gladiator matches and keep them off the streets

Front 14

Polygyny

Back 14

______________ is when a man has two or more wife's

Front 15

Wodabi of Nigeria

Back 15

An example of polygyny is the _________________.

Front 16

Polyandry

Back 16

_____________ is when one women has two or more relations with men.

Front 17

Nimba of Nepal - Tibetan People

Back 17

An example of polyandry is the _______________.

Front 18

Monogamy

Back 18

_______________ is when there is one man and one women together.

Front 19

Serial monogamy

Back 19

The practice of engaging in a succession of monogamous relationships is called ______________.

Front 20

Kinship Terminology Systems

Back 20

_________________________ state every society has a formal way of labeling relatives.

Front 21

Eskimo Terminology

Back 21

___________________ is when the nuclear of family is distinguished from other categories and they move in order to get what they need to survive. Examples include the United States and in Eskimo cultures.

Front 22

Patrilineal Descendants

Back 22

____________________ requires ego to follow the ascending and descending genealogy links through males only. This does not mean descent-related individuals are only males; in each generation, ego has relatives of both genders.

Front 23

Matrilineal Descendants

Back 23

___________________ requires ego to follow the ascending and descending links through only females. Can be related to males.

Front 24

Partilocality

Back 24

When the couple residues with the husbands father, this is called ________________.

Front 25

Matrilocality

Back 25

When the couple residues with the wife's mother, this is called _______________.

Front 26

Individualistic Pattern

Back 26

________________________ is the most basic form of religion.

Front 27

Individualistic Patterns

Back 27

In _______________________, each person enters into a relationship with animistic being when in need of control or protection

Front 28

Individualistic and Shamanistic Patterns

Back 28

__________________ and _____________ occur in egalitarian band and village societies.

Front 29

Individualistic Patterns

Back 29

Examples of _____________________ include Inuit hunters and the Crow Vision Quest.

Front 30

Shamanistic Patterns, Shamans

Back 30

In ___________________, ___________ work in direct communication with the supernatural as diviners, curers, spiritual mediums, and magicians; they also serve people in need in exchange for gifts, prestige, or power.

Front 31

Shamanistic Patterns

Back 31

Examples of ____________________ include areas of Siberia, !Kung, J'varo, and Tapirape.

Front 32

Individualistic Patterns

Back 32

_____________ have no role specialists

Front 33

Shamanistic Patterns

Back 33

_____________ have part time specialists

Front 34

Communal Patterns

Back 34

In __________________, groups of nonspecialists perform rites for community, deemed vital to well-being of individuals and society.

Front 35

Communal Patterns

Back 35

____________ occur in lineage-based societies.

Front 36

Communal Patterns

Back 36

Ancestor cults, rites of solidarity; rites of passage of Ndemba are examples of ________________.

Front 37

Eccelesiastical Patterns

Back 37

In ___________________, full-time professional clergy who work as intermediaries between society and supernatural in hierarchical organizations under control of centralized church.

Front 38

Eccelesiastical Patterns

Back 38

________________ occur in state societies.

Front 39

Eccelesiastical Patterns

Back 39

Inca and Aztecs as well as Egyptians, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Islam are all examples of ___________________.

Front 40

Religion

Back 40

_____________ can be describes as beliefs and actions that are based on the assumption that the world is under control of supernatural forces that humans must please.

Front 41

Religion

Back 41

_________________ is considered to be a cultural universal.

Front 42

Religion and Political Economy

Back 42

Societies where they have classes and social economic inequalities have gods that punish them if they are bad and reward if they are have ___________ and _____________.

Front 43

Nativistic, revivalistic, millenarian, or messianic

Back 43

____________, _____________, ____________, and ___________ are considered to be revitalization movements.

Front 44

Ghost Dance

Back 44

______________ was a Native American belief that placed dancers in contact with the spirit world and would reunite them with dead ancestors and overpower the whites. The US military crushed it with extreme violence and brutality. This is also a revitalization movement.

Front 45

Revitilization

Back 45

When new religion comes into place and they occur during times of change in which religious leader emerge to bring forth positive energy is called ________________.

Front 46

Reward and Punish

Back 46

All societies that have classes and social economic inequalities like United States and Egypt have gods that _________ and ________.

Front 47

Witchcraft

Back 47

_______________ does not exists, but belief in it does.

Front 48

social control

Back 48

Witchcraft function was to have ____________ over people and prevent them from being bad.

Front 49

When witches were tortured, it lead to them naming accomplices to escape pain.

Back 49

Why did witchcraft accusations lead to exponential cases of accusations?

Front 50

Wicca

Back 50

______________ argues that witchcraft is a goddess religion, and beliefs nature is a goddess. This is also a new religion that was invented in the 20th century.

Front 51

Shamans

Back 51

_______________ are men and women who can contact the spirit world and can control supernatural forces.

Front 52

Datura

Back 52

_______________ was the hallucinogen used in European witchcraft that helped generate ideas that witches flew, that they had Sabbaths, and has sex with the devil.

Front 53

Flying, sex with the devil, having Sabbaths, and hurting people with malice

Back 53

__________, __________, _________, and __________ were the crimes European witches were accused of.

Front 54

Contagious Magic

Back 54

____________ is when two things come into contact and then influence each other after contact is made. Results in a permanent relationship between the two.

Front 55

Imitative Magic

Back 55

_________________ is based on the belief that similar actions on an object will cause similar results on another and an example is voodoo.

Front 56

Guns for slaves policy

Back 56

The _______________ gave 400,000 guns to Africa each year which caused instability and increased warfare.

Front 57

20 to 25 million

Back 57

______________ people were living in America by the 1700s.

Front 58

European diseases

Back 58

_________________ caused the depopulation of the Americas.

Front 59

90 million

Back 59

The population of the Americas one the eve of Columbus's arrival was _________ people.

Front 60

600 million

Back 60

The total population of the world in 1600 AD was ______________ people.

Front 61

discovery, colonialism, and religion

Back 61

There are no "pristine" cultures in the world for at least 500 years because of the age of ___________, _____________, and __________ expansion caused these illness to spread.

Front 62

Genocide

Back 62

____________ is the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural group.

Front 63

Ethnocide

Back 63

_____________ is the deliberate and systematic destruction of the culture of an ethnic group

Front 64

Rum triangle

Back 64

The trade system that involved slaves, sugar, and rum was called the ______________.

Front 65

Ethnocentrism

Back 65

Belief that ones own patterns of behavior are always natural good, beautiful, or important and that strangers, to the extent that they live differently, live by savage, inhuman, disgusting or irrational standards is called _______________.

Front 66

Enculturation

Back 66

______________ is the process where an individual acquires his/her culture while growing up

Front 67

Cultural relativism

Back 67

_____________ stipulates that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another. Yet it is evident that not all human customs or institutions contribute to the societies overall health and well-being, nor should they be regarded as morally or ethically worthy of respect.

Front 68

Adapatation

Back 68

_________________ is the adjustment to the environment

Front 69

Ethnology

Back 69

The systematic comparison of cultures around the globe in order to answer particular questions and produce useful questions and generalizations about humankind and human behavior is called _____________.

Front 70

Ethnography

Back 70

______________ entails the systematic description of particular people/cultures through fieldwork.

Front 71

Physical Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, Archaeology, and Cultural Anthropology.

Back 71

________________, _________________, _______________, and _______________ are the four sub-disciplines of anthropology.

Front 72

Cultural Universals

Back 72

________________ are what societies have in common all over the world and they demonstrate our biological affinities to one another or a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship between humans.

Front 73

Biological Determinism

Back 73

______________ is a fancy word for racism and it is wrong since people can learn any culture, and cultures can change faster than biological changes.

Front 74

Colonialism

Back 74

________________ destroyed the cultural patterns of production and exchange by which traditional societies in "underdeveloped" countries previously had met the needs of people.

Front 75

"Underdevelopment"

Back 75

______________________ instead of being an adjective became a verb meaning the process by which the minority of the world has transformed.

Front 76

"Cash Crop"

Back 76

____________ were implemented into colonized countries in order to get natural resources that were demanded in their parent countries. Force was used in order to implement these.

Front 77

Fuel their own lives

Back 77

Changing from subsistence farming to cash cropping takes away the colonized states to ____________.

Front 78

95%

Back 78

The India population of the new world decreased by ___________ because of germs they were never before exposed to or built up immunites to.

Front 79

spread of diseases, technological advances, dense population

Back 79

The Spaniards were victories over the Indians because of _____________ and the ___________________________ that were available because of their _____________ that was only available through cattle.