Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gerbner's theory
|
Cultivation Analysis
|
|
|
Katz's theory
|
Uses and Gratifications
|
|
|
Blumler's theory
|
Uses and Gratifications
|
|
|
Gurevitch's theory
|
Uses and Gratifications
|
|
|
Noelle-Neumann's theory
|
Spiral of Silence
|
|
|
McLuhan's theory
|
Media Ecology
|
|
|
Ting-Toomey's theory
|
Face-Negotiation
|
|
|
Hartsock's theory
|
Standpoint
|
|
|
Kramerae's theory
|
Muted Group
|
|
|
Giles's theory
|
Communication Accomodation
|
|
|
Theory: the cumulative and overarching impact television has on the way we see the world in which we live
|
Cultivation Analysis
|
|
|
a yearly context analysis of prime-time network programming to assess the amount of violence represented
|
Violence Index
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
the % of difference in response between light and heavy television viewers
|
Cultivation Differential
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
the tendency for heavy viewers to perceive a similar culturally dominant reality to that pictured on the media although this differs from actual reality
|
Mainstreaming
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
occurs when a viewer’s lived reality coincides with the reality pictured in the media
|
Resonance
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
a method for cultivation to occur; refers to learning facts from the media
|
First Order Effects
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
a method for cultivation to occur; refers to learning values and assumptions from the media
|
Second Order Effects
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
The 3 B's in TV
|
Blurring, Blending, Bending
(cultivation analysis) |
|
|
“educated people see the world similarly to those who have less education” is an example of which of the 3 B's in TV?
|
Blurring
(c.a) |
|
|
"we agree on what’s real” is an example of which of the 3 B's of TV?
|
Blending
(c.a) |
|
|
“we all want to buy more products” is an example of which of the 3 B's of TV?
|
Bending
(c.a) |
|
|
Theory: people use the media to get specific gratifications
|
Uses and Gratifications
|
|
|
the perspective holds that media effects are limited by aspects of the audience’s personal and social lives
|
limited effects
(u&g) |
|
|
Schramm’s idea of how media choices are made: the expectation of reward divided by the effort required
|
Fraction of Selection
(u&g) |
|
|
the relationship we feel we have with people we know only through the media
|
Parasocial Interaction
(u&g) |
|
|
a category of gratifications coming from media use; involves escaping from routines and problems
|
Diversion
(u&g) |
|
|
category of gratifications; involves ways to reinforce individual values
|
Personal Identity
(u&g) |
|
|
gratifications; collecting needed information
|
Surveillance
(u&g) |
|
|
using the media to accomplish specific tasks
|
Utility
(u&g) |
|
|
occurs when people’s prior motives determine use of media
|
intentionality
(u&g) |
|
|
audience members’ use of media reflects their existing interests
|
Selectivity
(u&g) |
|
|
refers to audience members’ constructing their own meaning from media content
|
Imperviousness to Influence
(u&g) |
|
|
what the media consumer does (reading the news online rather than T.V)
|
Activity
(u&g) |
|
|
how much freedom the audience really has in the face of mass media
|
Activeness
(u&g) |
|
|
Theory: a person is less likely to voice an opinion on a topic if one feels that one is in the minority for fear of reprisal or isolation from the majority
|
Spiral of Silence
|
|
|
def: legal, social, and social-psychological concerns of people
|
Public
(s.o.s) |
|
|
expression of attitude (opinion=acceptable)
|
Opinion
(s.o.s) |
|
|
attitudes and behaviors expressed in public in order to avoid isolation
|
Public Opinion
(s.o.s.) |
|
|
personal estimation of the strength of opposing sides on a public issue
|
Quasi-Statistical Sense
(s.o.s) |
|
|
mistaken observation of how most people feel
|
Pluralistic Ignorance
(s.o.s) |
|
|
belief the media are everywhere
|
Ubiquity
(s.o.s) |
|
|
belief the media repeat themselves
|
Cummulativeness
(s.o.s) |
|
|
belief that all media are similar in attitudes, beliefs, and values
|
Consonance
(s.o.s) |
|
|
difference between the population’s perception of a public issue and the way the media report on the issue
|
Dual Climates of Opinion
(s.o.s) |
|
|
groups at the end of the spiral willing to speak out at any cost (exception to the theory)
|
Hard Core
(s.o.s) |
|
|
Theory: society cannot escape the influence of technology and technology will remain central to virtually all walks of life
|
Media Ecology
|
|
|
humans can no longer live in isolation, but rather will always be connected by continuous and instantaneous electronic media
|
Global Village
(m.e) |
|
|
era or historical age
|
Epoch
(m.e) |
|
|
oral tradition was embraced and hearing was the paramount sense
|
Tribal era
(m.e) |
|
|
written communication flourished and the eye became the dominant sense organ
|
Literate era
(m.e) |
|
|
gaining information through the printed word was customary and seeing continued as the dominant sense
|
Print era
(m.e) |
|
|
electronic media pervades our senses, allowing for people across the world to be connected
|
Electronic era
(m.e) |
|
|
refers to the power and influence of the medium on a society-; not the content
|
The Medium is the Message
(m.e) |
|
|
high-definition communication that demands little involvement from a viewer, listener, or reader
|
Hot Media
(m.e) |
|
|
low definition comm.. that demands active involvement from a viewer, listener, or reader
|
Cool Media
(m.e) |
|
|
focuses of the impact of technology on society
|
Laws of Media
(m.e) |
|
|
law that tates media amplifies or strengthens society
|
Enhancement
(m.e) |
|
|
states media eventually renders something out- of-date
|
Obsolescence
(m.e) |
|
|
states media restores something that was once lost
|
Retrieval
(m.e) |
|
|
states media will-when pushed to their limit-produce or become something else
|
Reversal
(m.e) |
|
|
term coined by “Postman” that means we live in a society dominated by technology
|
Technopoly
(m.e) |
|
|
Theory: how people in different cultures handle conflicts
|
Face-Negotiation
|
|
|
a metaphor for the public image people display
|
Face
(f.n) |
|
|
desire to be associated or disassociated with others
|
Face Need
(f.n) |
|
|
interest in maintaining one’s face or the face of others
|
Face Concern
(f.n) |
|
|
personal attributes of another
|
Self-Identity
(f.n) |
|
|
efforts to avoid embarrassment or vulnerability
|
Face-Saving
(f.n) |
|
|
strategy used to preserve autonomy and avoid loss of face
|
Face Restoration
(f.n) |
|
|
a culture value that places emphasis on the individual over the group
|
Individualism
(f.n) |
|
|
a cultural value that places emphasis on the group over the individual
|
Collectivism
(f.n) |
|
|
the protection of one’s face
|
Face-Management
(f.n) |
|
|
desire to be liked and admired by others
|
Positive Face
(f.n) |
|
|
desire to be autonomous and free from others
|
Negative Face
(f.n) |
|
|
actions used to deal with face needs/wants of self and others
|
Facework
(f.n) |
|
|
Conflict style: staying away from disagreements
|
Avoiding
(f.n) |
|
|
Conflict style: satisfying the needs of other
|
Obliging
(f.n) |
|
|
Conflict style: using give-and-take to achieve a middle-road resolution
|
Compromising
(f.n) |
|
|
Conflict style: using influence or authority to make decisions
|
Dominating
(f.n) |
|
|
Conflict style: collaborating with others to find solutions
|
Integrating
(f.n) |
|
|
Theory: ____________ come from resisting those in power and refusing to accept the way society defines their group
|
Standpoint Theory
|
|
|
an achieved position based on a social location that lends an interpretative aspect to a person’s life
|
Standpoint
|
|
|
a recognition that no one has a complete view of the social hierarchy
|
Partial
(standpt) |
|
|
a person in a normally marginalized social position who has gained access to a more privileged location
|
Outsider Within
(standpt) |
|
|
the ability to see more than what’s available to ones’ own specific social location
|
Accuracy
(standpt) |
|
|
what anyone knows is grounded in context and circumstance
|
Situated Knowledge
(standpt) |
|
|
allocation of work on the basis of sex
|
Sexual Division of Labor
(standpt) |
|
|
the belief that all women are essentially the same, all men are essentially the same, and the two differ from each other
|
Essentialism
(standpt) |
|
|
organizing things around pairs of opposites
|
Dualisms
(standpt) |
|
|
Theory: says that women (and other subordinate groups) trying to use man-made language to describe their experiences is somewhat like native English speakers learning to converse in Spanish
|
Muted Group
|
|
|
the group that holds the power in a given culture
|
Dominant Group
(m.g) |
|
|
social category of the learned behaviors that constitute masculinity and femininity for a given culture
|
Gender
(m.g) |
|
|
Type of Silencing: women’s speech is demeaned (ex: gossip, nagging, whining, bitching)
|
Ridicule
(m.g) |
|
|
Type of Silencing:many social routines have the effect of silencing women.
Ex: wedding – woman is “given” to groom by father and then the woman takes the man’s name |
Ritual
(m.g) |
|
|
Type of Silencing: men control many decisions; they also interrupt more frequently
|
Control/ Gatekeeping
(m.g) |
|
|
Type of Silencing: men sexually harass women (sometimes it seems like a compliment) and then when the woman acknowledges this harassment, she is overreacting
|
Harassment
(m.g) |
|
|
viewing men and women as polar opposites
|
Gender Polarization
(m.g) |
|
|
Women's Translation Process
(Muted Group) |
conceptualize a thought, scan the (male) vocabulary, and encode the thought (create new words “sexual harassment)
|
|
|
3 ways to resist Muting:
(m.g) |
1) naming silencing strategies
2) celebrate & elevate women's communication styles 3) create language to express uniquely gendered experiences |
|
|
Theory: when speakers interact, they adjust their speech, their vocal patterns, and/or their gestures to accommodate others
|
Accommodation
(c.a) |
|
|
a person’s identity is shaped by the groups to which he or she belongs
|
Social Identity Theory
(c.a) |
|
|
groups in which a person feels he or she belongs (give more to these groups)
|
In-Groups
(c.a) |
|
|
groups in which a person feels he or she does not belong
|
Out-Groups
(c.a) |
|
|
process of attending to and interpreting a message
|
Perception
(c.a) |
|
|
process of judging a conversation
|
Evaluation
(c.a) |
|
|
strategy used to adapt to another’s behavior (is a selective process; can be verbal or nonverbal)
|
Convergence
(c.a) |
|
|
strategy used to accentuate the verbal and nonverbal differences between communicators (a disassociation process; they demonstrate no concern about accommodating the other)
|
Divergence
(c.a) |
|
|
attempt to overdo efforts in regulating, modifying, or responding to others
|
Overaccommodation
(c.a) |
|
|
overly adapting to others who are perceived as limited in their abilities (physical, linguistic, or other)
|
Sensory overaccommodation
(c.a) |
|
|
occurs when speakers place listeners in a lower-status role.
|
Dependancy Overaccommodation
(c.a) |
|
|
occurs when speakers place listeners in cultural groups without acknowledging individual uniqueness
|
Intergroup Overaccommodation
(c.a) |
