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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the early renaissance marked by?
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changes in the arts and architectures, based on classical ideals
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What is feudalism?
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stabilizing foce in society, set of relationships between lord and vassals
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Characteristics of peasant life?
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working the lord's fields in exchange for living on his land
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how did the midieval townspeople protect themselves from feudalism?
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by formation of guilds
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what is the code of chivalry?
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unwritten code of conduct for vassals (knights)
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Where did teh vikings come from?
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scandinavia
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What is the cluny monastery?
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the new benedictine monastery-reforms
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what was the investiture controversy?
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was the pope or the emperor God's agent on earth? should local lords or the church appoint certain bishops to their office?
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What are the purposes of the 7 sacraments?
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gateway to spiritual salvation and eternal life
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what is the purpose of penance and confession?
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the sinner could be absolved from sins and penalties erased
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what is purgatory?
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place where those who died in a state of grace were purified from stain of sins
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what are the purposes of religious orders?
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rise of the friars-generally found in towns, created work among the urban poor, often became involved in education, sometimes began as mendicant (begging) orders
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what are the ideals in the songs of roland?
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themes of chivalry and courtly love
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what was the most dominant visual art in the middle ages?
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architecture
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what are the characteristics of romanesque arch?
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barrel vaults, thick walls, greater height than carolingian buildings, synthesis of roman and christian formal churches, grew out of the basilica traditions and reflected the needs of monastic life-made church spiritual fortress
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what are the features of gothic arch?
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replaced thick walls and dark interiros of romanesque, pointed ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, pointed arches, soaring interiros filled with light, goal was to make walls diasappear, stained glass windows-poor ans Bible
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what were the two big innovations in music in the high middle ages?
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tropes and polyphony
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who was aristotle?
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greek philosopher whose works became the heart of scholasticism
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who was thomas aquinas?
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trued ti explore and distinguish b/w the spheres of faith and reason
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who is dante?
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wrote divine comedy
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who is virgil?
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character who was the guide through hell and purgatory
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who are goliards?
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singers or poets at aristocratic courts
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who was the famous subject of medieval romances?
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king authur and his knights
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what happened during the 14th century crisis?
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the bubonic plague
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what were consequences of the crisis of the 14th century?
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extended period of economic depression, urban riots and peasant unrest
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Where did the papacy move to during the late middle ages?
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avignon, france
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what was the great schism?
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the split in the church
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what is the dance of death?
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danse macabre was the leading image in art and literature
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Who was involved in the "huss heresy"?
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the czech people
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what was the use of the inquisition?
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church court devoted to identifying and eliminating heretics
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how many people did the black plague kill?
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about 1/3 of europes population
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who was joan of arc?
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she led the french troops to victory at orleans and charles to his coronation at reims cathedral
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what were the consequences of the 100 year war?
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england lost french lands, france increased its holding in what is now modern france, economy of france and england were exhausted
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who tried to carve out a middle kingdom b/w france and germany?
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dukes of burgundy
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what were the forces for change in literature in the late medieval times?
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invention of moveable type, vernacular literature began to replace literature written in latin, rich middle class replaced nobility as audience and patrons
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who was boccaccio?
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decameron-gave birth to the short story
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who wrote the canterbury tales?
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chaucer
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where does the canterbury tales take palce?
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pilgrimage to canterbury to visit the tomb of thomas a becket
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what was the plot of the fabliau?
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comic tale in bawdy verse involving sex and or money and the clergy
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who is christine de pizan?
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wrote the city of ladies, first woman to earn a living through her writings, contributed to the triumph of vernacular language over latin, first western writer to raise the 'woman question' inisted that women have the right to be educated
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what was the style of late gothic arch?
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even greater heights, flamboyant style
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what was the particular feature of late england's late gothic arch?
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fan vaulting
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who is the artist thats turns painting into a new renaissance?
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giotto
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what were the characteristics of hans memling?
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serene and graceful religious images, symbolism
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what were the signs that sacred music was becoming less popular?
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shift to the secular arts, new secular monarchs
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what do historians conclude about the early renaissance?
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that this period was a very complex cultural movement
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what city was the center of the early renaissance?
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florence
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what was the msot important consequence of ren warfare?
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led the the development of diplomacy as an alternative to war
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what are significant traits of 15th century popes?
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they sponsored the arts
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what family dominated during the 15th century and had keen political sense and love of the arts?
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medici family
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what was a civic humanists?
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employee of an italian city-state dedicated to serving the government
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what is studia humanitatis?
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study and comparison of ancient texts for authenticity
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what was the main idea of humanistic scholars?
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look beyond offical christian doctrine
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what was the result of textual criticisim in the ER?
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skepticism regarding ancient texts, forgeries uncovered, medieval documents closely scrutinized
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what was the humanistic role of an educated person?
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they should spend time in government service
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who was lorenzo valla?
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early ren. literay scholar who studied comparitive texts
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what is the main idea of neoplatanism?
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platonic love superior to erotic love
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who is brunelleschi?
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designed the dome of florence, he solved the problem of the dome
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how did brunelleschi solve the problem of building the dome?
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used diagonal ribs on the pointed arch
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who is ghiberti?
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designed the doors of the baptestry
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who is donatello?
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the first freestanding sculpture since rome embraced realism
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what is linear perspective?
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creates three dimensions in a two dimensionall space
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who is masaccio?
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father of modern painting, linear perspective
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who is botticelli?
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early paintings influenced by neoplatonism, famous for chaste female nudes
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who is leonardo da vinci?
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scientist and artist, renaissance man-curious about almost every subject
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