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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Smallest unit of matter |
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Atom |
Smallest unit of an element |
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Molecule |
2 or more elements |
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Compound |
When two or more elements are bonded together |
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2-8-8 rule |
First electron she has 2 electrons, all others have up to eight |
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Ionic bond |
Result of the transfer of electrons from one element to another. Example- salt- sodium transfers one electron to CL, CL becomes negatively charged sodium becomes positively charged and they come together |
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Covalent Bond |
The sharing of outer shell electrons |
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Hydrogen bond |
Polar covalent Bond - has a charge that causes molecules to stick together . |
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Monomer |
Monomers link together through dehydration to for polymers |
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Polymer |
Long chains of monomers |
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Dehydration reaction |
H2O is removed from monomers linking them together to form polymers |
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Hydrolysis |
Water is reintroduced to monomers to break apart I to polymers |
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Cellular Respiration |
Aerobic harvest of food energy - ATP |
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Photosynthesis |
Uses light as an energy source to produce energy . H2O and CO2 goes in makes (glucose) C6H12O6 and O2 Chloroplast |
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Asexual Reproduction |
Reproduction by dividing in half |
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Sexual Reproduction |
Requires fertilization of gametes |
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Chromosome |
A long DNA molecule containing 1000s of genes |
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Mitosis |
Cell division for growth and healing |
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Meiosis |
Cell division to produce gametes for sexual reproduction |
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Trait |
Versions of a character |
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Gene |
Alleles - there is gene pair for every trait |
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Homozygous |
A genotype consisting of two identical alleles |
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Heterozygous |
A genotype consisting of two different alleles |
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Dominant |
An allele that expresses it's phenotypic effect even with heterozygous with a recessive allele |
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Recesive |
Two recessive alleles must be paired to produce a recessive trait |
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Evolution |
Change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations |
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Natural selection |
Inherited change of a population over successive generations |
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Mutation |
The random introduction of a new allele into a gene pool |
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Species |
Populations that have the ability to reproduce fertile viable offspring |
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Bacteria |
Prokaryote, no nucleus, three shapes - bacilli (rod), cocci (round), spirillum (spiraled) |
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Fungi |
Decomposer- eukaryote |
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Protist |
Misfits, uni or multicellular, some similar to plants (algea), some similar to animals (amoeba), eukaryotes |
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Porifera |
Sponges, filter feeders, can't move, spices give sponge structure |
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Cnidarian |
Have cnidocytes (stinging cells), two body types (Medusa and polyp), jellyfish, coral, hydra, anemone |
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Mollusca |
Muscular foot used for movement, visceral mass, mantle Gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods Snails, clams, squid |
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Arthropod |
Spiders, crabs, and insects Jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmented |
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Echinoderm |
Spiny skin, endo skeleton, bilateral larvae and radial adults Sea urchin, sea stars, sand dollar |
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Chordata |
Dorsal hollow nerve chord 5 classes - fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals |
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Fish |
Cartilaginous fish - streamline and flexible Bony fish - skelton, gill flap and swim bladder |
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Amphibian |
Tetrapods, have to lay eggs in water, Greek for living a double life |
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Reptile |
Non-bird - ectotherm (rely on outside heat) Bird- endotherm (metabolism regulates body heat) |
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Mammal |
Hair and mammary glands Three types - monotone (egglaying), marsupial (have a pouch), eutharian (offspring developed fully in the womb) |
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Tropic Structure |
Feeding relationship among organisms, how energy flows from one individual to the next in a food web 1. Primary producers 2. Primary consumers 3. Secondary consumers 4. Tertiary consumers 5. Quaternary consumer |
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Pyramid of production |
Pyramid that shows the five level the trophic structure |
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Carnivore |
Meat eater |
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Herbivore |
Plant eater |
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Omnivore |
Plant and meat eater |
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Scavenger |
Eat large corpses |
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Detrivore |
Eat detritus (decaying organic material ) |
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Decomposer |
Break down organic material into in organic form |
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Parasite |
An organism that lives in or on another organism |
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Commensalism |
Form of symbiosis, one organism benefits one is unaffected |
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Mutualism |
Form of symbiosis, both organisms benefit |
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Competition |
Contest between organisms for tertitory, a niche, ... |
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Predation |
Predator prey relationship |
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Niche |
The way I which an organism fits into an ecosystem |
