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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Medical Model
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the conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that like physical diseases have biological causes defined symptoms and possible cures
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DSM-5
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(diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders) a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems
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Diathesis-Stress Model
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a model suggesting that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
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Anxiety Disorders
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mental disorders in which anxiety is the predominant feature
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance "free floating" |
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Phobic Disorders |
disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive, fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations |
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Specific Phobia |
disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function |
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Social Phobia |
disorder that involves an irrational fear of being publicity humiliated or embarrassed |
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Panic Disorder |
disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning |
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Mood Disorders |
mental disorders that have mood disorders disturbance as their predominant feature |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy and sleep and appetite disturbances |
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Seasonal Affective Disorder |
depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern |
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Bipolar Disorder |
an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) |
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Schizophrenia |
disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion and disturbances in thought motivation and behavior |
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Delusion |
a patently false belief system often bizarre and grandiose that is maintained in spite of its irrationality |
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Hallucination |
a false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being the absence of external stimulation |
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Dopamine Hypothesis |
the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity |
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Personality Disorders |
disorders characterized by deeply ingrained, infexible patterns of thinking, feeling, relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights to others that begins in childhood or early adolescences and continues into adulthood |
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Insanity |
legal term; inability to understand right/wrong at the time of a crime people with recognized disorders may be judged legally sane |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
intense fear of gaining weight disturbed body image refusal to maintain normal weight may involve physical problems such as osteoporsis 15-20% die |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
generally concentrated in Western Cultures binge and purge out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensation vomiting laxative abuse excessive exercise |
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Clinical Psychologists |
treat full-fledged disorders |
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Counseling Psychologists |
treat everyday adjustment problems much overlap in specialization doctoral training (BA+ 5-7 years to get PhD) |
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Psychiatrists |
physicians (MD) who specialize in diagnosis and treatment psychological disorders BA+ medical school 4 years + residency 4 years tend to focus on severe disorders depression schizophrenia |
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Clinical Social Worker |
MA degree (BA + 2-3 years) |
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Psychiatric Nurses |
BA or MA degrees both tend to work in hospitals with psychologists and/or psychiatrists |
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Counselors |
many types and settings MA degrees specialize in problems related to setting |
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Psychotherapy |
professional treatment by someone with specialized training 400 different systems Eclectic 36% Psychodynamic 29% Cognitive 16% Other 10% Humanistic/ Existential 6% Behavioral 3% |
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Psychodynamic Therapy |
Sigmund Freud and followers goal: discover unresolved unconscious conflicts related to childhood events that are the cause of maladaptive behavior develop insight by making unconscious conscious |
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Free Association |
clients say whatever they want; therapists looks for clues |
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Dream Analysis |
therapists interprets symbolic meaning of dreams "royal road to unconscious" |
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Behavior Modification |
B.F. Skinner and colleagues goal: unlearning maladaptive behavior and learning adaptive ones exposure therapy-joseph wolpe experience anxiety- provoking to decrease emotional response |
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Cognitive Therapy |
a form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others or the world |
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Antipsychotic Drugs |
medications that are used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders |
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Antianxiety Medications |
drugs that help reduce a person's experience of fear of anxiety |
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Antidepressants |
a class of drugs that help lift people's mood |
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Placebos |
an inert substance or procedure that has been applied with the expectation that a healing response will be produced |
