Final Exam

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DEFINE SYMPATRIC

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SPECIES THAT OCCUR TOGETHER

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THE INABILITY FOR SYMPATRIC SPECIES TO EXCHANGE GENES MAY ALLOW THEM TO REMAIN ______

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EXTINCT

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POPULATIONS WHOSE MEMBERS DO NOT MATE WITH EACHOTHER OR WHO CANNOT PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING ARE SAID TO BE ________ _______

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REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED

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WHAT 2 THINGS CAUSE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION?

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2 DIFFERENT SPECIES AND CANNOT INTERBREED OR NATURAL CONDITIONS

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REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS PREVENT _____ _____ B/W SPECIES

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GENETIC CHANGE

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_______ IS THE EVOLUTION OF NEW SPECIES FORM EXISTING SPECIES

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SPECIATION

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WHAT ARE 2 DIFFERENT USES OF THE WORD SPECIATION?

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ANAGENESIS AND CLADOGENESIS

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______ IS VERTICAL SPECIATION;ARBATRARY DEMARCATION OF 1 LINEAGE OVER TIME

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ANAGENESIS

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WHICH IS OUR FOCUS,CLADOGENESIS OR ANAGENESIS

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CLADOGENESIS

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______ IS THE SPLITTING OF 1 LINEAGE INTO 2 OR MORE

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CLADOGENESIS

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A _____ IS DEFINED AS THE SMALLEST EVOLUTIONARY INDEPENDENT UNITS

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SPECIES

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THE ______ _____ _____ STATES THAT A SPECIES CONSISTS OF POPULATIONS THAT ACTUALLY OR POTENTIALLY INTERBREED OR PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING

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BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT

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THE ______ _____ _____ ALSO SUGGESTS THAT ORGANISMS THAT CANT OR DONT INTERBREED AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFPRING BELONG TO A DIFFERENT SPECIES

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BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT

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THE ______ ______ ______ STATES THAT A SPECIES IS A SET OF POPULATIONS THAT HAVE A # OF SHARED,DERIVED CHARACTER STATES.
THE SMALLEST ________ GROUPS

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PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT;MONOPHYLETIC

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THE _____ ______ _____ STATES THAT A SPECIES IS A SET OF POPULATIONS THAT SI MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT OF OTHER SUCH SETS

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MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT

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______ ISOLATING MECHANISMS PREVENT FORMATION OF ZYGOTES

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PREZYGOTIC

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_______ ISOLATING MECHANISMS PREVENT PROPER FUNCTIONING OF ZYGOTES AFTER THEY FORM

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POSTZYGOTIC

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EVEN IF 2 SPECIES OCCUR IN SAME AREA THEY MAY UTILIZE DIFFERENT PORTIONS OF THE ENVIROMENT AND THUS NOT HYBRIDIZE B/C THEY DONT ENCOUNTER EACHOTHER. DESCRIBES...

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ECOLOGICAL ISOLATIONS IN PREZYGOTIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS

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RELATED SPECIES OF ORGANISMS SUCH AS BIRDS OFTEN DIFFER IN THEIR COURTSHIP RITUALS WHICH TENDS TO KEEP THESE SPECIES DISTINCT IN NATURE EVEN IF THEY INHABIT THE SAME PLACES.
EXAMPLE OF...

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BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION IN PREZYGOTIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS

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______ SPECIES AVOID MATING WITH THE WRONG SPECIES IN A VARIETY OF WAYS...SUCH AS COMMUNICATION

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SYMPATRIC

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SOME SPECIES RELY ON CHEMICAL SIGNALS FOR MATING CALLED _______

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PHEROMONES

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FEMALE MOTHS RELY ON _______ FPR MATING

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PHEROMONES(CHEMICAL SIGNALS)

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_______ _______ IS WHEN SPECIES REPRODUCE AT DIFFERENT TIMES

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TEMPORAL ISOLATION

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_______ ______ IS WHEN STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES PREVENT MATING B/W SOME RELATED SPECIES OF ANIMALS

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MECHANICAL ISOLATION

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IN ANIMALS THAT SHED THEIR GAMETES DIRECTLY INTO WATER,EGGS AND SPERM DERIVED FORM DIFFERENT SPECIES MAY NOT ATTRACT ONE ANOTHER IS KNOWN AS...

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PREVENTION OF GAMETE FUSION

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______ ______ IS WEN SPECIES OCCUR IN DIFFERENT PLACES WHICH ARE OFTEN SEPERATED BY A PHYSICAL BARRIER

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GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

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IN HYBRIDS,THE GENETIC COMPLEMENTS OF 2 SPECIESMAY BE SO DIFFERENT THAT THEY CANNOT FUNCTION TOGETHER NORMALLY IN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.
AN EXAMPLE OF...

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POSTZYGOTIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS

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HYBRIDIZATION B/W SHEEP AND GOATS IS AN EXAMPLE OF..

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POSTZYGOTIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS

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AFRICAN ELEPHANTS FELL INTO 2 DISTINCT CLADES...

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FOREST ELEPHANT(L.cyclotis)AND SAVANNAH ELEPHANT(L.africannus)

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THE BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT STATES THAT EACH SPECIES HAS A SPERATE ____ _____

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GENE POOL

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ALLOPATRIC ISOLATION IS AKA THE _______ _______ MODEL

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GEOGRAPHIC

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ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION: _______ HOMELAND
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION:
_______ HOMELAND

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DIFFERENT;SHARED

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IN ______ ______ REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION EVOLVES WITHOUTGEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

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SYMPATRIC ISOLATION

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NAME THE 2 MAIN MECHANISMS IN SYMPATRIC SPECIATION

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POLYPLOIDIZATION AND HOST-RACE SPECIALIZATION

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THE BACKDROP IN THE ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION MODEL IS _______ _______

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GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION

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AT A LATER DATE,THE BARRIER DISAPPEARS AND THE ONCE ISOLATED POPULATIONS COME INTO CONTACT AGAIN. THIS IS CALLED...

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SECONDARY CONTACT

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SELECTION AGAINST INTERBREEDING MAY RESULT IN EVOLUTIONOF INCREASED REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION.THIS IS CALLED...

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REINFORCEMENT

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THE COMMON ______ SNAKE IS A WIDELY DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAHICALLY ISOLATED VARIABLE SPECXIES

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GARTER

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A POSSIBLE EXAMPLE OF ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION IS EASTERN AND WESTERN ________.
SIMILARILY RELATED SPECIES ARE CALLED _______ SPECIES OR ______ SPECIES

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MEADOWLARKS;SIBLING;CRYPTIC

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SELECTION MAY REINFORCE _______ _______

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ISOLATING MECHANISMS

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PIED AND COLLARD FLYCATCHERS ARE EXAMPLES OF _______

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REINFORCEMENT

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WHEN COMPLETELY ISOLATED POPULATIONS COME TOGETHER ____ _____ IMMEDIATLY BEGINS TO OCCUR B/W THE SPECIES.
RESULTING IN HYBRIDS INFERIOR BUT NOT COMPLETELY ______

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GENE FLOW;UNFERTILE

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PROCESS OF _______ IS DRIVEN BY NATURAL SELECTION FAVORING PERFECTION OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

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REINFORCEMENT

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REINFORCEMENT IS COMMON
T/F

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FALSE

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POLYPLOIDY IS COMMONLY SEEN IN ______

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PLANTS

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_______ STATES THAT ALL CHROMOS MAY ARISE FROM A SINGLE SPESIES

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AUTOPOLYPLOIDY

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WHICH IS MORE COMMON?
AUTOPOLYPLOIDY OR ALLOPOLYPLOIDY

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ALLOPOLYPLOIDY

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______ OCCURS SOMETIMES WHEN 2 SPECIES HYBRIDYZE

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ALLOPOLYPLOIDY

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_______ _______ CAN CAUSE A POP TO CONTAIN INDIVIDUALS CONTAINING 2 DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES

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DISRUPTIVE SELECTION

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_______ IS THE INCREASE IN # OF SETS OF CHROMOS BEYOND 2(DIPLOID)

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PLYPLOIDIZATION

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IN _______,POLYPLOID IS SELF FERTILE BUT HYBRID WITH PARENTAL SPECIES IS UNFERTILE

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ALLOPOLYPLOIDIZATION

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ALLOPOLYPLOIDIZATION IS COMMON IN _____ _____ AND ______

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FLOWERING PLANTS;MOSSES

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IN ANIMALS,ALOPOLYPLOIDIAZTION MAY OCCUR IN...

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INSECTS,FISH,AND SALAMANDERS

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IN ALLO..., SPECIATION CAN BE _______.
NEW SPECIES EXISTS AS SOON AS ____ DOUBLING OCCURS

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INSTANTANEOUS;CHROMO

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ADAPTIVE RADIATION IS COMMON ON _____ ISLANDS.
IT REQUIRES BOTH _____ AND ______TO DIFFERENT HABITATS

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OCEANIC;SPECIATION AND ADAPTION

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_______ ________ IS THE ADAPTION DRIVEN BY NEED TO MINIMIZE COMPETITION FOR AVAILABLE RESOURSES WITH OTHER SPECIES

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CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT

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______ ______ OCCURS WHEN A SINGLE OR SMALL GROUP OF ANCESTRAL SPECIESRAPIDLY DIVERSIFIES INTO A LARGE # OF DESCENDENT SPESIES

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ADAPTIVE RADIATION

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IN ADAPTIVE RADIATION,GROUP RADIATES TO OCCUPY EMPTY ______

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NICHES

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MAMMALIAN ADAPTIVE RADIATION PRECEEDED BY EXTINCTION OF DINOSAURS BY END OF ______

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CRETOCEUS

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______ _______ IS A HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE TEMPO AND MODE OF EVOLUTION.

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PUNCUATED EQULIBRIUM

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______ AND _____ CAME UP WITH THE HYPOTHESIS PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM

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ELDRIDGE AND GOULD

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WHO ACCUSED PALENTOLIGISTS OF SEEING WUT THEY EXPECTED TO SEE

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ELDRIDGE AND GOULD

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ELDRIDGE AND GOULD SUGGESTED THAT MOST SPECIES SPEND MOST OF THERE TIME ON EARTH ___ _____,UNDER STABILIZING SELECTION

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NOT CHANGING

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HOW MANY GREAT EXTINCTIONS WERE THERE?

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