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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT IS THE RAW MATERIAL OF EVOLUTION?
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GENETIC VARIATION
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WHAT PHRASE DID DARWIN USE FOR EVOLUTION?
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DECENT WITH MODIFICATION
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_______ REFERS TO HOW AN ENTITY CHANGES THRU TIME
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EVOLUTION
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THRU TIME SPECUES ACCUMULATE DIFFERENCES. AS A RESULT,WEN NEW SPECIES ARE FORME,THE DESCENDENT SPECIES DIFFER FROM THEIR ANCESTORS.
EXAMPLE OF WUT? |
EVOLUTION
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WHAT DID DARWIN PROPOSE AS THE MECHANISM FOR EVOLUTION
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NATURAL SELECTION
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WHAT ARE 4 POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE?
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CHANCE EVENTS, MUTAION,NIGRATION,NATURAL SELECTION
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_______ EVOLVE,________ DO NOT
MEANING THAT EVOLUTON IS A _______ OF POPULATIONS BUT A _______ OF INDIVIDUALS |
POPULATIONS;INDIVIDUALS
PROPERTY;FUNCTION |
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WHO SAID THAT EVOLUTION IS A CHANGE IN A LINEAGE OF POPULATIONS B/W GENETICS?
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RIDLEY
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WHO SAID EVOLUTION IS ANY GENETIC AND RESULTING PHENOTYPIC CHANGE IN ORGANISMS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION
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PURVES
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(RIVAL THEORY)WHO SAID EVOLUTION OCCURED BY THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS?
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LAMARK
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ACCORDING TO ______,INDIVIDUALS PASSED ON TO THEIR OFFSPRING BODY AND BEJAVIOR CHANGES ACQUIRED DURING THEIR LIVES
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LAMARK
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LAMARK HYPOTHESIZED THAT _______ ACQUIRED IN A LIFETIME IS PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING
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VARIATION
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_______ _______ IS THE STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF GENES IN POPULATIONS
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POPULATION GENETICS
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WHO SAID THE BEHAVIOR OF GENES AS TWO INDIVIDUALS REPRODUCE AND PASS TRAITS TO OFFSPRONG
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MENDEL
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MANY _____ HAVE ALLELIC VARIANTS
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LOCI
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ALLELS HAVE DIFFERENT _______,SOME ARE RARE AND SOME ARE COMMON.
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FREQUENCIES
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GENETIC VARIATION IS ULTIMATELY DUE TO...
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MUTATION,A CHANGE IN NT SEQUENCE
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WHAT ARE THE 2 LEVELS OF GENETIC VARIATION
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NT LEVEL AND PROTEIN LEVEL
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IN THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF GENETIC VARIATION, THE EFFECT ON PROTEIN CAN VARY FROM _____ TO ______
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NIL;PROFOUND
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_______ ________ IS DEFINED AS THE PRECSENCE IN A POPULATION OF MORE THAN 1 ALLELE AT A LOCUS
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GENETIC POLYMORPHISM
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MANY LOCI IN A POPULATION HAVE MORE THAN 1 ALLELE AT _______,GREATER THAN WOULD OCCUR,DUE TO _______ ALONE
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FREQUENCIES;MUTATION
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WHAT MADE IT POSSIBLE TO ENZYMES AND OTHER PROTEINS DIRECTLY?
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ELECTROPHORESIS
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MOST POPULATIONS OF _____ AND _____ ARE POLYMORPHIC
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INSECTS AND PLANTS
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MOST LOCI HAVE MORE THAN 1 ALLELE AT A FREQUENCY OF ____
COUNT _____;INTRONS ARE MORE VARIABLE |
> OR = 5%;EXONS
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GENETIC POLYMORPHISM INVOLVES THE PROBABAILITY THAT A RANDOMLY SELECTED LOCUS WILL BE _______ FOR A RANDOMLY SELECTED INDIVIDUAL
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HETEROZYGOUS
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_______ _______ IS WHEN THE OFFSPRING IS EXPECTED TO BE PHENOTYPICALLY INTERMEDIATE RELATIVE TO THEIR PARENTS
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BLENDING INHERITANCE
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IF BLENDING INHERITANCE IS CORRECT WHAT WOULD THE RESULT BE?
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ANY NEW GENETIC VARIANT WOULD DISSAPPEAR IN SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS
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ONE INCORRECT INTERPRETATION OF MENDELS WORK WAS THAT...
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DOMINAT ALLELS WOULD INCREASE IN FREQUENCY AND REPLACE RECESSIVE ALLELS
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WHAT EXPLAINS WHY GENES PERSIST IN POPULATIONS AND EXPLAINS BEHAVIOR OF ALLELES WHEN ALL OTHER THINGS ARE EQUAL?
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THE HARDY-WEINBURG PRINCIPLE
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_______ AND ______ POINTED OUT THAT THE PROPORTIONS OF THE GENOTYPES IN A POPULATION WILL REMAIN CONSTANT FROM GEN TO GEN AS LONG AS THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS ARE MET
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HARDY AND WEINBURG
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WHAT ARE HARDY AND WEINBURGS 5 "NECESSARY CONDITIONS"?
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POP VERY LARGE,MATING IS RANDOM,NO MUTATION,NO MIGRATION AND NO SELECTION
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______ AND _______ OF ALLELES ONLY AFFECT HOW AN ALLELE IS EXPRESSED
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DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS
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DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS AFFECT HOW FREQUENCIES WILL CHANGE THRU TIME
T/F |
FALSE
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HARDY-WEINBURG EQUILIBRIUM IS A _____ HYPOTHESIS.
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NULL
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WHAT IS THE NULL HYPOTHESIS OF THE HARDY WEINBURG EQUILIBRIUM?
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WHEN ALL ASSUMPTIONS ARE MET,POPULATIONS WILL BE IN EQUILIBRIUM
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HARDY WEINBURG----SITUATIONS IN WHICH POPULATIONS ARE NOT AT EQUILIBRIUM INDICATE THAT.....
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1 OR MORE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES ARE AT WORK
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HARDY WEINBURG PRINCIPLE-----KNOWING GENOTYPE FREQUENCIES, WE CAN CALCULATE THE ______ ______
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ALLELE FREQUENCIES
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IN A FAMILY,______ _____ APPLY,IN A POPULATION,______ ______ PROPORTIONS APPLY
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MENDELIAN RATIOS;HARDY WEINBURG
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DEPARTURE FROM THE H-W PROPORTIONS INDICATES WHAT?
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THAT 1 OR MORE OF THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS HAS BEEN VIOLATED
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_______ IS THE ONLY AGENT THAT PRODUCES ADAPTIVE EVOLUTIONARY CHAGES
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SELECTION
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WHAT ARE THE 5 AGENTS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE?
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MUTATION,GENE FLOW,NON-RANDOM MATING,GENETIC DRIFT AND SELECTION
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______ FROM 1 ALLELE TO ANOTHER CAN CHANGE THE PROPORTIONS OF PARTICULAR ALLELS IN A POP
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MUTATION
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WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SOURCE OF GENETIC VARIATION?
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MUTATION
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MUTATIONS DO NOT OCCUR MORE FREQUENTLY IN SITUATIONS IN WHICH THEY WOULD BE FAVORED BY NATURAL SELECTION
T/F |
TRUE
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______-----CHANGE IN BASE PAIR SEQUENCE
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MUTATION
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THERE ARE MANY CAUSES OF MUTATIONS...NAME 3
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REPLICATION ERROR,MUTAGENS,TRANSPOSONS
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_____ _____ IS THE MOVEMENT OF ALLELS FROM 1 POP TO ANOTHER VIA MOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS OR THEIR GAMETES
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GENE FLOW
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GENE FLOW CAN BE A POWERFUL AGENT BCUZ MEMBERS OF 2 DIFFERENT POPULATIONS MAY....
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EXCHANGE GENETIC MATERIAL
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_____ _____ CAN BE OBVIOUS OR NOT SO OBVIOUS
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GENE FLOW
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GENE FLOW MAY ALSO RESULT FROM THE MATING OF INDIVIDUALS BELONGING TO _______ POPULATION
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ADJACENT
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GENE FLOW WILL TEND TO BRING THE _____ ALLELE INTO POP
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RARER
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IF NATURAL SELCTION FAVORS DIFFERENT ALLELES IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS, WAHT WILL GENE FLOW DO?
GIVE EXAMPLE |
OPPOSE POPULATION DIFFERENTATION;
WATER SNAKES IN WESTERN BASIN OF LAKE ERIE |
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_______ _______----INDIVIDUALS WITH CERTAIN GENOTYPES SOMETIMES MATE WITH ONE ANOTHER MORE COMMONLY THEN WOULD BE EXPECTED ON A RANDOM BASIS
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NON-RANDOM MATING
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______ ______ IS WHEN "LIKE"(PHENOTYPICALLY) INDIVIDUALS MATE
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ASSORTIVE MATING
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ASSORTIVE MATING DOES NOT CAHNGE FREQ OF ALLELS BUT INCREASES FREQ OF _______ AND DECREASES FREQ OF _______
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HOMOZYGOTES;HETEROZYGOTES
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_______ ______ IS WHEN GENOTYPICALLY DIFFERENT INDIVIUALS MATE
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DISSASSORTIVE MATING
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AA*AA,AA*AA,Aa*Aa EXAMPLES OF WHAT KIND OF MATING?
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ASSORTIVE MATING
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AA*aa,Aa*aa ARE EXAMPLES OF WUT KIND OF MATING?
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DISSASSORTIVE MATING
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DISSASSORTIVE MATING INCREASES FREQ OF _____ AND DECREASE FREQ OF _____
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HETEROZYGOTES,HOMOZYGOTES
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NONRANDOM MATING CHANGES ________ FREQUENCIES BUT NOT ALLELE FREQUENCIES
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PHEOTYPIC
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_____ _____ IS DEFINED AS THE RANDOM(CHANCE)FLUCTUATION IN ALLELE FREQ
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GENETIC DRIFT
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THE EFFECT OF GENETIC DRIFT IS STRONGER IN LARGE OR SMALL POPULATIONS?
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SMALL
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GENETIC DRIFT RESULTS IN THE ____ OF ______ IN A ISOLATED POP
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LOSS OF ALLELES
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WHAT ARE THE 2 MOST COMMON WAYS IN WHICH GENETIC DRIFT CAN OCCUR?
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BOTTLE NECK AND FOUNDER EFFECT
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POPULATION GOES THRU DRASTIC BUT BRIEF REDUCTION IN SIZE FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY...BOTTLE NECK OR FOUNDER EFFECT?
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BOTTLE NECK
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SMALL # OF INDIVIDUALS FOUND NEW POP...FOUNDER EFFECT OR BOTTLE NECK?
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FOUNDER EFFECT
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______ POPULATIONS HAVE LOWER VARIABLITY THAN ______ POPULATIONS
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ISLAND;MAINLAND
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ENVIROMENTAL CONDITIONS DETERMINE WHICH INDIVIDUALS IN A POP PRODUCE THE MOST OFFSPRING...THIS DESCRIBES WUT?
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NATURAL SELECTION
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______ ______ DEFINED AS THE DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTION OF GENOTYPES
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NATURAL SELECTION
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______ ______ IS THE ONLY MECANISM ABLE TO PRODUCE ADAPTIVE EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
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NATURAL SELECTION
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NATURAL SELECTION IS THE ______ AND EVOLUTION IS THE ______
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PROCESS;OUTCOME
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WHAT ARE THE 3 NEC AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS OF NATURAL SELECTION?
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VARIATION,FITNESS DIFFERENCES,INHERITANCE
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_______ IS THE DIFFERENCES AMONG INDIVIDUALS IN SOME ATTRIBUTE OR TRAIT
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VARIATION
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______ ______ IS A CONSTANT RELATIONSHIP B/W THAT TRAIT AND MATING ABILITY,FERTILIZING ABILITY ETC...
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FITNESS DIFFERENCES
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________ IS THE CONSISTANT RELATIONSHIP FOR THAT TRAIT B/W PARENTS AND THEIR OFFSPRING
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INHERITANCE
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NATURAL SELECTION WORKS BY ______ INDIVIDUALS WITH SOME TRAITS OVER THOSE WITH ______ TRAITS
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FAVORING;ALTERNATIVE
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IF NO _______ EXISTS,NATURAL SELECTION CAN NOT OPERATE
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VARIATION
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_______ IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTES GENES TO FUTURE GENERATIONS
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FITNESS
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RELATIVE FITNESS OR ABSOLUTE FITNESS MORE INFORMATIVE?
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RELATIVE
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RELATIVE FITNESS DETERMINES WHICH ALLELES ....
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INCREASE IN FREQ
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THERE ARE MANY COMPONENTS OF FITNESS. NAME 3
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SURVIVAL,FREQ OF MATING,AND # OF SURVIVIG OFFSPRING PER MATING
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SELECTION FAVORS GENOTYPES WIT THE GREATES _______
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FITNESS
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THE MOST FIT PHENO TYPE IS THE ONE THAT...
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PRODUCES THE GREATEST # OF OFFSPRING
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SELECTION TO AVOID DETECTION BY VISUAL PREDATORS IS AN EXAMPLE OF...
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NATURAL SELECTION
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SELECTION FOR PESTICIDE RESISTANCE,SELECTON FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE,SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRAL DRUGS IN HIV AND SELECTION TO MATCH CLIMATE ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF...
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NATURAL SELECTION
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EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES _____.
SELECTION MAY FAVOR AN ALLELE THAT IS LOST DUE TO CAHNCE EFFECTS IN SMALL POPULATIONS |
INTERACT
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OFTEN ______ ARE DIFFICULT TO DETECT
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INTERACTIONS
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MANY INTERACTIONS ARE _______
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TRANSITORY
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SOME INTERACTIONS MAY ACT IN _______ WAYS ON A GENOTYPE
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OPPOSITE
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FITNESS OF A PHENOTYPE DEPENDS ON ITS FREQ WITHIN A POP...DESCRIBES WUT?
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DEPENDENT SELECTION
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DEPENDENT SELECTION CAN BE DRIVEN BY _____ ______ IN VISUAL PREDATORS
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SEARH IMAGES
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_______ SELECTION IS WHEN DIFFERENT ALLELES ARE FAVORED IN DIFFERENT SEASONS
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OSCILLATING
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IN ______ SELECTION,SELECTION FAVORS ONE PHENOTYPE AT ONE TIME AND ANOTHER AT ANOTHER TIME
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OSCILLATING
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_______ _____ LEAD TO THE OSCILLATING IN SELECTION
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ENVIROMENTAL CHANGES
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______ ______ FAVORS INDIVIDUALS WITH BOTH ALLELES
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HETEROZYGOUS ADVANTAGE
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SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS AN EXAMPLE OF...
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HETEROZYGOUS ADVANTAGE
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FINCHES EITH ______ SIZE BILLS ARE LESS AFFECTIVE WITH EITHER SIZE OF SEED AND ARE LESS FIT
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INTERMEDIATE
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IN FINCHES,SELECTION IS AGAINST WUT SIZE OF BILL?
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INTERMEDIATE
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________ SELECTION IS THE SELECTION FOR NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM IN DROSOPHILIA
(HOW MANY MOVED AWAY FROM LIGHT) |
DIRECTIONAL
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HUMAN INFANT MORALITY AS A FUNCTION OF BIRTHWEIGHT
MORTALITY IS LOWEST CLOSE TO THE TYPICAL BIRTHWEIGHT ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT KIND OF SELECTION? |
STABILIZING SELECTION
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IN STABILIZING SELECTION SELECTION FAVORED ________
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INTERMEDIATE
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THE CONSTRAINTS ON NATURAL SELECTION SHOW THAT NOT ALL ATTRIBUTE OF AN ORGANISM ARE ______ ADAPTIONS.SOME MAY EVEN BE ______
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PERFECT;MALADAPTIVE
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WHAT ARE THE 2 KINDS OF NATURAL SELECTION CONSTRAINTS?
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HISTORICAL AND FORMAL
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YOU CANT GET THERE FROM HERE IS ANOTHER...
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NATURAL SELECTION CONSTRAINT
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TIME AND/OR VARIATION CONSTRAINT,PLEIOTROPY CONSTRAINTS AND GENE INTERACTION ARE 3 MORE....
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NATURAL SELECTION CONSTRAINTS
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EPISTASIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH NATURAL SELECTION CONSTRAINT?
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GENE INTERACTION
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_____ MODIFIES SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE OF ALLELES
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EPISTASIS
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A POSSIBLE EXAMPLE OF TIME AND/OR VARIATION CONTRAINT OF NATURAL SELECTION IS...
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HEART DISEASE IN OUR SOCIETY
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