Final Exam 2015-2016 8Th Grade

Front 1

Solute

Back 1

The smaller part of a solution; the part that gets dissolved

Front 2

Solvent

Back 2

The larger part of a solution; the part that does the dissolving

Front 3

All objects are attracted to each other by

Back 3

gravity

Front 4

The strength of gravity depends on

Back 4

distance between objects

Front 5

The characteristics of a star

Back 5

Size, brightness, temperature, composition

Front 6

Parallax

Back 6

apparent change of position in stars; scientists use this to measure distance and location of stars

Front 7

Planetesimals

Back 7

Small asteroid-like bodies; building blocks for the planets

Front 8

Chromosphere

Back 8

layer of the sun that is red during a solar eclipse

Front 9

Photosphere

Back 9

layer of the sun that you see when you take a picture of the sun

Front 10

SI unit for mass

Back 10

kilogram

Front 11

SI unit for volume

Back 11

cubic meter

Front 12

Meter

Back 12

SI unit for length

Front 13

Qualitative observation

Back 13

observation that deals with descriptions that aren't in numbers

Front 14

Independent variable

Back 14

the variable the scientist purposefully changes to test something

Front 15

Dependent variable

Back 15

Also known as the responding or outcome variable

Front 16

Suspension

Back 16

A liquid mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration

Front 17

Acid

Back 17

tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, reactive with metals

Front 18

Base

Back 18

tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue

Front 19

Corrosive

Back 19

wears away at other materials

Front 20

Litmus paper

Back 20

Indicator that shows how acidic or basic a substance is

Front 21

Revolution of Earth

Back 21

365 days

Front 22

Rotation of Earth

Back 22

24 hours

Front 23

Earth's tilt

Back 23

Why Earth has seasons

Front 24

Summer solstice in the Southern hemisphere

Back 24

When the sun is directly shining on the southern hemisphere

Front 25

Inertia

Back 25

an object continuing to move in a straight line or an object staying still unless another object stopped in/made it move forward

Front 26

Equinox

Back 26

'Equal night"- when day and night get an equal amount of daytime and night time

Front 27

Gravity and inertia

Back 27

the two factors that keep Earth in orbit

Front 28

Moon phases

Back 28

the different shapes of the moon

Front 29

Solar eclipse

Back 29

when the Moon is directly between the sun and the Earth

Front 30

Lunar eclipse

Back 30

when the Earth is directly between the moon and sun

Front 31

Spring tide

Back 31

when tides are VERY high on 2 sides and VERY low on the other 2 sides because the Earth, sun, and moon are in one line.

Front 32

Neap tide

Back 32

when tides are about equal and the Sun and moon are at 90 degree angles to the Earth

Front 33

Tides

Back 33

Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun

Front 34

Maria

Back 34

dark spots on the moon caused by ancient lava flows on the moon's surface

Front 35

craters

Back 35

large, round pits

Front 36

Why both the moon and Mercury are really hot on one side and really cold on another side

Back 36

Because the Moon and Mercury have very little atmosphere

Front 37

Gamma rays

Back 37

electromagnetic waves with the highest frequency

Front 38

Radio waves

Back 38

electromagnetic waves that have the longest waves and lowest frequency

Front 39

Atomic number

Back 39

number of protons

Front 40

Properties

Back 40

what can be predicted on the periodic table by looking at groups

Front 41

Groups

Back 41

columns on the periodic table with similar properties

Front 42

States of Matter

Back 42

same substance in a different form. For example: ice, water, water vapor

Front 43

Physical change

Back 43

A change that does not affect the composition of the substance

Front 44

Chemical change

Back 44

alters the substance at a molecular level or creates a new substance

Front 45

density

Back 45

how much mass is contained in a given volume

Front 46

Equation for density

Back 46

mass over volume

Front 47

Equation for mass

Back 47

density times volume

Front 48

light-year

Back 48

the distance light travels in a year

Front 49

Heliocentric system discoveries

Back 49

gained support when Galileo discovered Venus goes through phases too. It taught Galileo that not everything revolves around the Earth

Front 50

Heliocentric

Back 50

Everything revolves around the sun

Front 51

Geocentric

Back 51

Everything revolves around the Earth

Front 52

solar wind

Back 52

a stream of electrically charged particles that extend outward from the sun's corona

Front 53

gas giants that are VERY large and are made mostly of hydrogen and helium

Back 53

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Front 54

Terrestrial planets

Back 54

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (small, rocky planets)

Front 55

Earth's twin because it's about the same size as Earth

Back 55

Venus

Front 56

Asteroid belt

Back 56

located between Mars and Jupiter

Front 57

mass

Back 57

the amount of matter in an object

Front 58

Weight

Back 58

the force of gravity on an object

Front 59

Volume

Back 59

The amount of space an object takes up

Front 60

Scientific law

Back 60

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions