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34 Cards in this Set
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Hemodynamics |
The study of blood flow moving through circulatory system |
Hemo |
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What is flow? And also known as |
Flow indicates volume of blood moving during a particular time asking “how much” also known as volume flow rate. |
How much? |
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What are the units of flow? |
Volume/Time Ex. Liters/min |
How much |
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What is velocity? |
Velocity indicates speed or swiftness of fluid moving from one location to another. |
How fast? |
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What are the three types of blood flow? |
Pulsatile flow, phasic slow, steady flow |
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What is pulsatile flow? |
Blood accelerates and decelerates as a result of cardiac contraction commonly an arterial circulation a.k.a. arteries |
Arteries |
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What is phasic flow? |
Phasic flow is blood that accelerates and decelerates as a result of respiration commonly in venous circulation a.k.a. veins |
Veins |
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What is steady flow? |
Fluid that moves at a constant speed present in venous circulation a.k.a. Veins |
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What is laminar flow? |
When flow streamlines are aligned and parallel. Laminar means layer. It’s characterized by layers of blood that travel at individual speeds. |
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What are the patterns of laminar flow? |
Organized normal Physiologic |
Layers |
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What is Reynolds number for laminar flow? |
Less than 1500 |
Laminar |
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What is Reynolds number? |
Predicts if the flow will be laminar or turbulent |
Flow |
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what are the two forms of laminar flow? |
Plug and parabolic flow |
Forms |
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What is plug flow? |
Layers and blood cells the travel at the same velocity |
Da Plug |
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What is parabolic flow? |
Has a bullet shaped profile. Velocity is highest in the center of the Lumen & decreases to minimum at the vessel wall. |
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What is turbulent flow? |
Chaotic flow patterns in many different directions and many speeds. Stream lines are often obliterated. |
Many different directions |
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Small, hurricane like, swirling rotational patterns appear and turbulent flow or called? |
Eddy current or vortex |
Ed edd and eddy |
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Word is turbulent flow associated with? |
Cardiovascular pathology And elevated blood velocities. May be seen downstream from significant stenosis (narrowing) in a vessel. |
Turbulent |
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Sound turbulence is also known as? |
Murmur or Bruit |
Sound turbulence |
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What is the Reynolds number for turbulent flow? |
Greater than 2000 |
Turbulence |
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What is energy gradient? |
Blood that means from regions of higher energy to lower energy. |
Eg |
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When does systole occur? |
During the contractions of the heart. |
Systole |
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What are the three forms of energy? |
Kinetic pressure gravitational energy |
3 |
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What is total energy |
The sum of all three energy forms at a specific location. |
Total means add |
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What is Kinetic energy and what is it determined by? |
Kinetic energy is associated with a moving object and is determined by the objects mass a the speed at which it moves |
Kinetic |
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What is pressure energy? |
A form of store or potential energy, a major form of energy for circulating blood and creates flow by overcoming resistance. |
Apply pressure to overcome |
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What is gravitational energy? |
Form of store or potential energy associated with any elevated object. |
Gravitational |
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What are you three ways energy is lost in circulation? |
Viscous loss frictional loss inertial loss |
Energy lost |
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What is viscous energy loss? |
Measured and poise Viscosity describes thickness of fluid. more energy is lost with movement of high viscosity fluids. For example honey |
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What happens to viscosity if there are too many red blood cells? |
It increases and blood flow is not easy |
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What happens to viscosity if there are too few red blood cells? |
Viscosity decreases and blood flow is too easy. |
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What is the viscous energy loss in the blood determined by? |
Hematocrit |
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What is hematocrit? |
Hematocrit is the percentage of Red blood cells |
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What is fictional energy loss? |
Occurs when flow energy is converted to heat as one object rubs against another. blood sliding across vessel wall creates heat And is an example of friction loss. |
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