Final Exam

Front 1

What is a single ring structure called?

Back 1

Pyrimidines.

Front 2

What is a double-ring structure called?

Back 2

Purines.

Front 3

The two purines are:

Back 3

Adenine and guanine.

Front 4

The three pyrimidines are:

Back 4

Cytosine, uracil (only found in RNA), and thymine (only found in DNA).

Front 5

Which two nitrogen-containing bases are purines?

Back 5

A and G.

Front 6

Which DNA strand would be complementary to this DNA strand: 3’-ATCCAG-5’?

Back 6

5’-TAGGTC-3’.

Front 7

How many different nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?

Back 7

4.

Front 8

How many nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

Back 8

4.

Front 9

Which is a DNA or RNA subunit?

Back 9

Nucleotide.

Front 10

Each newly replicated strand of DNA contains one of the old strands and one new strand. Because of this DNA replication is said to be:

Back 10

Semiconservative.

Front 11

Which is not found in DNA?

Back 11

Uracil.

Front 12

What is the sugar found in RNA?

Back 12

Ribose.

Front 13

Which carbon in deoxyribose is missing an oxygen that is present in ribose?

Back 13

2’.

Front 14

Where does DNA Replication begin?

Back 14

Replication origin.

Front 15

Which is a “Y” shaped region where the two DNA strands are separated during DNA replication?

Back 15

Replication fork.

Front 16

Which term describes how the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions?

Back 16

Antiparallel.

Front 17

Which term means making an exact copy of something?

Back 17

Replication.

Front 18

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Back 18

Nitrogen base, phosphate, and sugar.

Front 19

Which is the structure of a pyrimidines?

Back 19

Single-ring.

Front 20

Which is the structure of a purine?

Back 20

Double-ring.

Front 21

Each DNA strand is made of a long sequence of nucleotides joined together by:

Back 21

Covalent bonds.

Front 22

The two separate strands of DNA are held together by:

Back 22

Hydrogen bonds.

Front 23

DNA resembles a ladder. What is found on the sides of the ladder?

Back 23

Sugar and phosphate.

Front 24

If one end of a DNA strand is called the 3’ end, what is the other end called?

Back 24

5’ end.

Front 25

Which will pair with thymine in DNA?

Back 25

Adenine.

Front 26

Which two nitrogen bases will form 3 hydrogen bonds with each other?

Back 26

C and G.

Front 27

Which best describes the shape of a DNA molecule?

Back 27

A double helix.

Front 28

How many replication forks are found at each replication origin?

Back 28

2.

Front 29

Which encodes information for producing the heritable traits of single celled and multi-celled organisms?

Back 29

DNA.

Front 30

How many phosphate groups are found in one molecule of AMP?

Back 30

1.

Front 31

How many phosphate groups are broken off of dTTP when it is joined to other nucleotides by DNA polymerase III?

Back 31

2.

Front 32

Which has codons?

Back 32

mRNA.

Front 33

Which is the “Central Dogma” of gene expression?

Back 33

DNA->RNA->protein.

Front 34

Which is making RNA using DNA as a guide?

Back 34

Transcription.

Front 35

Which is making a protein using mRNA as a guide?

Back 35

Translation.

Front 36

Which two nitrogenous bases will form 2 hydrogen bonds with each other?

Back 36

U and A.

Front 37

How many codons in the genetic code actually specify amino acids?

Back 37

61.

Front 38

Which is a stop codon?

Back 38

UAG.

Front 39

Which is the start codon?

Back 39

AUG.

Front 40

What is the name of the amino acid that the start codon specifies?

Back 40

Methionine.

Front 41

Which has an anticodon?

Back 41

tRNA.

Front 42

How many nucleotides are found in one codon?

Back 42

3.

Front 43

How many nucleotides long is a gene?

Back 43

Between 70 and 10,000.

Front 44

Which forms part of the structure of a ribosome?

Back 44

rRNA.

Front 45

A region of DNA that contains the instructions for making one protein (or polypeptide chain). They are between 70 and 10,000 nucleotides long. Most genes are blueprints for making proteins, but some make tRNA and rRNA.

Back 45

Gene.

Front 46

A specific sequence bases about 60 nucleotides long on one of the two DNA strands. A _______ signals the start of a gene and is not transcribed into mRNA.

Back 46

Promoter.

Front 47

3 adjacent nucleotides located on mRNA that specify one of the 20 amino acids. 3 of them called stop codons don’t specify any amino acids.

Back 47

Codon.

Front 48

A sequence of three bases located on a tRNA molecule that pairs up with the codon on an mRNA molecule during translation.

Back 48

Anticodon.

Front 49

A list of codons along with the amino acids that they code for. The list also includes three stop codons that don’t code for any amino acids.

Back 49

Genetic code.

Front 50

Making RNA using DNA as a guide.

Back 50

Transcription.

Front 51

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter on the DNA molecule.

Back 51

Initiation of transcription.

Front 52

The RNA nucleotides are added to a growing RNA strand by RNA polymerase.

Back 52

Elongation in transcription.

Front 53

RNA polymerase encounters a base sequence called the terminator and transcription cells.

Back 53

Termination.

Front 54

How many codons are in the genetic code?

Back 54

64.

Front 55

This is used as a blueprint for making a protein.

Back 55

mRNA.

Front 56

This brings the proper amino acid to translation by matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA. Each of these molecules carry a specific amino acid based on the genetic code. Each contains 75-95 nucleotides.

Back 56

tRNA.

Front 57

This brings the proper amino acid to translation by matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA. Each of these molecules carry a specific amino acid based on the genetic code. Each contains 75-95 nucleotides.

Back 57

tRNA.

Front 58

Forms part of the structure of a ribosome.

Back 58

rRNA.

Front 59

Making a protein using mRNA as a guide.

Back 59

Translation.

Front 60

The ribosome positions itself at the start codon.

Back 60

Initiation of translation.

Front 61

1. The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule and builds the protein according to the genetic code.

2. Translocation: the ribosome moves by shifting over three nucleotides (one codon) along the mRNA each time a new amino acid is put in place.

Back 61

Elongation of translation.

Front 62

A stop codon enters the ribosome and this ends.

Back 62

Termination of translation.