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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Machine
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device that makes work easier
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simple machine
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device that does work in one movement
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effort force
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force applied to machine
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resistance force
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force applied by machine
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ideal machine
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work input = work output
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mechanical advantage
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number of times machine multiplies the effort force
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lever
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bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point
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fulcrum
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fixed point on a lever
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effort arm
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part of lever on which the effort force is applied
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resistance arm
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part of the lever that exerts the resistance force
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pulley
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grooved wheel with rope or chain running along the groove
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wheel and axle
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simple machine consisting of two wheels of different sizes
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inclined plane
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sloping surface used to raise objects
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screw
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inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post
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wedge
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inclined plane with one or two sloping sides
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compound machine
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a combination of two or more simple machines
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efficiency
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measure of how much of the work put in is changed to useful work put out by the machine
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power
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rate at which work is done
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watt (W)
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one Joule per second : standard of power
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conduction
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transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles
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fluid
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any material that can flow
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convection
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transfer of energy through the movement of matter
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radiation
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transfer of energy in the form of invisible waves
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insulators
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materials that do not let heat move easily through them
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radiator
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device with large surgace area designed to heat the air near it by conduction
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solar energy
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energy from the sun
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heat engines
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devices that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy
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internal combustion
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fuels burned inside the engine
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external combustion
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fuels burned outside the engine
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R-value
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resistance to heat flow
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combustion
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rapid burning
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heat mover
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device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a different temperature
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heat pump
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two way heat mover
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energy
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ability to cause change
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kinetic energy
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energy in the form of motion
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potential energy
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stored energy
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work
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transfer of energy through motion
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mechanical energy
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total amount of energy in a system
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law of conservation of energy
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energy can not be created nor lost/destroyed under normal conditions
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temperature
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measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
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thermal energy
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total energy of the particles that make up a material
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heat
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the energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to somethign with a lower temperature
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specific heat
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amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 [one] kilogram of the material
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newton's second [2nd] law of motion
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a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force
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air resistance
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force air exerts on a moving object
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terminal velocity
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highest velocity reached by a falling object
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projectile
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anything thrown or shot through the air
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centripetal acceleration
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acceleration towards the center of a curved or circular path
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centripetal force
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force that causes a moving object to moce in a curved or circular path
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isometic exercises
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muscles push against other muscles with or without gravity
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newton's third [3rd] law of motion
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describes action reaction pair this way: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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momentum
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property a moving object has dut to its mass and velocity
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law of conservation of momentum
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the total amount of momentum of a group of objects does not change unless outside forces act on the object
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acceleration of gravity near earth
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9.8m/s2
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speed
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rate of change in position ("rate of motion")
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instantaneous speed
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rate of motion at any given instant
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constant speed
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a speed that does not vary
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average speed
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total distance traveled divided by total time of travel
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velocity
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describes both speed and direction
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acceleration
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the rate of change in velocity
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time interval
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amount of time that passed while the change of velocity was taking place
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Δ means what?
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"delta" = change in
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force
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push or pull one body exerts on another
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balanced forces
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forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction
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net force
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the resulting velocity of an object when multiple forces are applied to it
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inertia
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the tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion
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friction
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force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching eachother
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gravity
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attracting force exerted by every object on every other object. the amount of the force depends on the masses of the objects and their distance apart
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weight
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measure of the force of gravity on an object, usually the force between earth and an object at its surface
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rate
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change over time
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newton's first [1st] law of motion
(Law of inertia) |
an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless an outside force acts upon it
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mass
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amount of matter in an object
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name the strokes
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1.) intake stroke
2.) compression stroke 3.) power stroke 4.) exhaust stroke |
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intake stroke
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carburator - gas is broken into fine droplets and mixed with air. intake valves open, piston moves down - takes in fuel-air mixture
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compression stroke
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intake valve closes - piston moves up, fuel-air mix is squeezed/compressed into a smaller space
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power stroke
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hot spark ignites fuel-air mix
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hot gases expand - piston down
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exhaust stroke
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piston moves up, compresses the waste products left over from the burning the fuel-air mix. valves open, let waste out
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diesel engines
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fuels is injected into compressed air in the cylinder - engine has NO spark plugs, hot enough to ignite self
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metric measurements ++ values
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kilo - 1000
hecto - 100 deka - 10 meter -1 deci -.1 centi -.01 milli -.001 |
(7)
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