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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrates |
Organic molecules that contain twice as much hydrogen as carbon or oxygen |
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Glucose |
Blood sugar in animals Building blocks of complex sugars Monosaccharide |
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Fructose |
Fruit sugar Monosacarride |
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Galactose |
Milk component Monosaccharide |
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Dehydration synthesis |
Chemical reaction that joins two sugars together and releases water, maltose, sucrose, lactose Dissaccharide |
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Maltose |
Malt sugar(composed of two bonded glucoses) Disaccharide |
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Sucrose |
Cane or table sugar (composed of a glucose bonded to a fructose) Transport sugar in plants Disaccharide |
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Lactose |
Milk sugar(composed of a glucose bonded to a galactose) Dissaccharide |
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Energy storage forms |
Starch, glyogen |
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Starch |
Polysaccharide Energy storage form in plants Poor ability to disolve in water |
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Glyogen |
Polysaccharide Energy storage form in animals Stored in the liver |
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Structural forms |
Chitin, cellulose |
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Chitin |
In exoskeletons of insects and fungi, contains N Polysaccharide |
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Cellulose |
Polysacchride In plant cell walls |
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Lipids |
Organic molecules that are typically hyrdrophobic or insoluble in water |
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Fat |
Storage of excess energy Insulation Cushion vital organs Lipid |
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Fats composed of |
One moleculw of gylceral Three molecules of fatty acids |
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Saturated |
Lipid Cholesteral More common in animals Usually solids at room temp Single bonds between all of the carbon in the chains |
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Unsaturatwd |
Lipid 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms Some carbons are bonded to less than 4 different atoms Typically veg oils liquid at room temp |
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Steriod |
Contain 4 attached carbon rings |
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Cholesterol |
Usually occurs in one of two forms in the bloodstream Functions as hormones and membrane components |
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LDL |
Low density lipo proteins Delivered to hormone synthesizing glands Delivers cholesterol to where its needed |
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HDLs |
High density lipproteins Good cholesteral Delivered to the liver for eventual degradation Delivers excess LDLs to the liver for break down |
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Benefits of cholesteral |
Membrane component Part of the myelin sheath Used to make steriod hormones |
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Ways to lower cholesteral |
Diet low saturated fats hogh fiber Hydration Excercise Lower stress Prescription drugs |
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Proteins |
Composes of amino acids |
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Amino acids are joined together by |
Peptide bonds |
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Amino acids differ by |
R group |
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Two subunits or monomers bonded together are |
Dipeptide |
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Polypeptide chain |
Molecule composed of many subunits bonded together |
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Nucleic acids are complex molecules composed of |
Nueotide subunits |
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Dna |
Stays in nucleus Thymine Double stranded Deoxyribose Larfer Primary genetic material |
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Rna |
Goes out into the cytoplasm Uracil Single stranded Ribose Copy of a portion of dna Smaller |
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A to _ and G to _ |
Adenine to thymine, Guanine to Cytocine |
