Final Bio

Front 1

Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

Back 1

Aerobic and anarobic respiration are the processes by which animals make energy from the conversion of carbohydrates into water and carbon dioxide. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to produce ATP. Anaerobic respiration can occur in the absense of oxygen, but only produces 5% of the ATP as aerobic respiration, and can lead to the build-up of lactic acid.

Front 2

How is aerobic respiration related to photosynthesis?

Back 2

Respiration and photosynthesis can be though of as interrelated chemical processes. In photosynthesis, carbon dioside and water are used to produce energy (carbohydrates) and oxygen. Respiration requires carbohydrates and oxygen to produce energy (stored as ATP) with the byproduct of carbon dioxide.

Front 3

Describe the law of conservation of matter. Explain how the Earth can be considered a closed system and give an example from class/text which illustrate the effect of anthropogenic environmental contamination of human and animal health.

Back 3

The law of conservation of matter states that matter is neither gained or lost in a chemical reaction, but that elements are only rearranged with an input or release of energy.

Earth can be considered a closed system as most all of the elements here are cycled, and thus man-made chemicals stay in the environment, to be utilized again and again.

In Missouri, it was discovered that men were experiencing low sperm count, which was most likely a result of the inputs of farm chemicals into the local drinking water.

Front 4

What are enzymes and what are their properties?

Back 4

Enzymes are proteins that have complex structures allowing them to catalyze highly specific biological reactions. Enzymes contain active swites that bind the compounds involved in the chemical reaction, substrates. Enzymes remain unchanged during the chemical reactions even though they facilitate changes in the substrate. An enzymes function can be affected by inhibitors which prevent the enzyme from binding to the substrate normally.

Front 5

Discuss 2 inhibitors or aerobic respiration. Tell how they inhibit and what is the end result to the organism.

Back 5

Hydrogen cycle: is a competative inhibitor for one of the enzymes responsible for the transfer of hydrogen to oxygen. It kills the same way as suffocation does. Carbon monoxide: this exhaust gas kills by disrupting aerobis respiration. It has the ability to displace oxygen from binding to hemoglobin. It is 200x stronger affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen. It results in oxygen deprivation killing the organism.

Front 6

In _____ _____ ATP production is very low and there is a buildup of lactic acid as a byproduct.

Back 6

anaerobic respiration

Front 7

In aerobic respiration _____ is broken down into water and _____ ______ is required for erobic respiration.

Back 7

glucose, carbon dioxide

Front 8

The anaerobic respiration glucose is broken down into ____ _____.

Back 8

lactic acid

Front 9

In the Nazi gas chambers, _____ was used to cause death as this gas which blocks the enzyme that transfrs hydrogen to oxygen.

Back 9

HCN

Front 10

Hydrogen cyanide inhibits ____ _____ by blocking the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen.

Back 10

aerobic respiration

Front 11

When you eat food, your body utilizes the _____ within it to make carbon dioxide and water.

Back 11

glucose

Front 12

In physical exercise ____ provides the chemical energy to power muscle contractions.

Back 12

ATP

Front 13

Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions but remain _____ themselves.

Back 13

unchanged

Front 14

_____ are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.

Back 14

enzymes

Front 15

Your body is only a temporary home for hydrogen, oxygen, and ___ atoms.

Back 15

carbon

Front 16

The French scientist, Antoine Laviosier, developed the Law of ______ __ _____ to describe the fact the matter cannot be created nor destroyed.

Back 16

conservation of matter