Final Bio 1A Lec 28

Front 1

[HORMONES] what is hormone?

Back 1

physiology communications

Front 2

There are variaties of Hormones? name some

Back 2

*steroid -- derived from cholesterol
*protein hormones or peptide
*Amines -- amno acid
*Prostaglandins-- dervied from fatty acid

Front 3

Hormone are produce from the _____

Back 3

Endocrine glands

Front 4

Decribes the pathway of how hormone produce a specific celluar response

Back 4

H-----> HR-----> Cellular response

H binds to receptor proteins (sensors) produced by the target cell---> there's a molecular change---> receptor becomes activated and interact w/ other cellular components----> cellular response

Front 5

Hormone response is seletive. What does all the hormones have in common?

Back 5

They bind to recptor cause a change and induce the response in a cell

Front 6

When hormone goes to the blood it is called an _____ pathway

Back 6

endocrine

Front 7

What is the Paracrine pathway?

Back 7

Sometimes neighboring cells produce hormone that does not go through the blood that also bind to receptors and mediate change to response

Front 8

what is the Autocrine pathway

Back 8

Cell can make thier own hormone

ex: Cancer cell can make thier own hormone.

Front 9

Selectivity/specificity of hormone respnse is due to: (4)

Back 9

1. Hormone type
2. Presence of receptor in targets
3. Hormone receptor Affinity
4. receptor interaction w/ cell components (causing changes in modification)

Front 10

What is the key role of Hormone?

Back 10

Control Homeostasis-- "steady state" condition

**this means that there is a dynamic set of conditions--- that you respond to changes in the environment

Front 11

How do hormone control homeostasis?

Back 11

*negative and postive feedback system

Front 12

What is negative feedback?

Back 12

change in variable triggers mechanism that reverses the change

**The variable is maintained w/in a physiologically appropriate range.

Front 13

Give an example of when there's a negative feedback.

Back 13

when there are too many hormones affecting the tissue--> there's a negative feedback, telling it to stop. And when Hormone is low hormone incr. again.

Front 14

what is positive feedback?

Back 14

change in variable that triggers biological mechanisms that amplify rather than reverse the change

Front 15

Stress-- does the flight or fight response have a negative pathway?

Back 15

no

Front 16

Short term Stress doesn't go through blood stream instead it goes to the _____

Back 16

hypothalmus

Front 17

Give the pathway of shortterm/acute stress

What feedback system is it?

Back 17

stress---> Hypothalmus ---> nerve cord---> spinal cord----> Adrenal gland-----> convert tyrosin to Epinephrine (hormone)---> immediate effect create metabolic increase (alertness and energy)

*no real feedback system

Front 18

Give the pathway of long term stress.

Is it positive or negative feedbacvk?
Where does it inhibits if its a negative feedback?

Back 18

stress---> hypothamus---> release CRF (corticotrophine Releasing factor) hormone (found in the blood)----> bind to Anterior pituitary gland (target cell)---> release ACTH (adrenal corticotrophic Hormone)---> binds to receptor in adrenal gland----> changes convert cholesterol to glucocorticoids---> produce anti-inflamatory immune effects.

**Negative feedback when too much glucocorticoids is produced. It goes back to the Hypothalmus and anterior pituatory gland (telling it to stop making CRF and ACTH).

Front 19

is contraction during labor a negative or pos feedback

Back 19

positive feedback

*release oxytocin hormones

Front 20

What is Hormone Agonists?

Back 20

binds receptor and induces a response

H--> R--> HR---> response

Front 21

Hormone antagonist

Back 21

binds to receptor w/ no resulting response, instead inhibits actions of agonist.

Front 22

Steroid Hormone: name some of them we learned in lecture (5)

Back 22

1. Glucocorticoids
2. Mineralcorticoid
3. Progestines
4. Androgens
5. Estrogens

Front 23

Give the steroid hormone signal transduction pathway

Back 23

STEROIDS goes inot the plasma membrane ---> binds to (steriod) receptors---> receptors activated---> then bind to a promoter gene (target gene)---> interacts w/ transcription factor---> changes level of transcription (up or down)

**promoter gene has a specific binding site---> this site is nex to a transcription factors

Front 24

What are the three classic steroid receptor function domain?

Back 24

1. Steroid binding
2. DNA binding
3. Protein binding

**if you have a defect in any of these domain you can have a physiology disorder

Front 25

steroid hormone are secreted by

Back 25

adrenal cortex
ovaries
testes
placenta

Front 26

What are some Anterior Pituitary Hormones we learned in class?

Back 26

**Growth hormones
**follicle--stimulating hormnes
**Prolactin

Front 27

what is prolactin?

Back 27

promotes development of the breast and secretion of milk

Front 28

[posterior pituitary hormones] give some examples

Back 28

**Antidiuretic hormone
**oxytocin

Front 29

antidiuretci hormone

Back 29

causes the kidneys to retain water, hus incr. water content of the body

Front 30

oxytocin

Back 30

contracts the uterus during the birthing process

Front 31

[adrenal cortex] give example

Back 31

Cortisol

Front 32

Cortisol

Back 32

has multiple metabolic functions for control of the metabolism of proteins, carb, and fats

Front 33

[Ovaries] hormones in ovaries

Back 33

estrogens
progesterone

Front 34

estrogen

Back 34

stimulate the development of the female sex organs, the breasts, and various secondary sexual characteristics

Front 35

progesterone

Back 35

stimulates secretion of "uterine milk"

Front 36

[Testes] what are the hormones produce here

Back 36

testosterone

Front 37

testosterone

Back 37

stimulates growth of the male sex organs

Front 38

[Placenta] hormone produces here

Back 38

estrogens
progesterone

Front 39

Mechanism of Protien Hormone or Cell surface receptors (they are steroids and have similar pathway). Give the pathway:

Back 39

**Cell surface

protein hormone binds to receptor in the extracellular domain---> goes through the transmembrane domain (PM)----> intracellular domain---> changes occur---> response

Front 40

When the protein hormone binds to receptor you can have two changes, what are they?

Back 40

1. Receptor dimer/cluster (e.g insulin)
or
2. changes in receptor-- protein interaction

Front 41

The signalings events of receptors change can be

Back 41

*Receptors phosphorlation
*Receptors protein interaction
*Enzyme activated, 2ndary messenger, lipid, ect.