Final Bio 1A

Front 1

Four main categories of tissues:

Back 1

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nervous Tissue
4. Muscle Tissue

Front 2

What are Epithelial Tissue?

Back 2

sheets of tightly packed cells covers the outside of your body (skin) and lines the organs and cavities w/in the body

Front 3

What is the function of Epithelial Tissue?

Back 3

*barrier protecting against injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss.

*controls secretion/absorption of molecules

Front 4

most cancers cells are derived from _____

Back 4

epithelial cells

Front 5

[Epithelial tissue] What is the Barrier function?

Back 5

important for cell-cell interactions.

**cells form a barriers and allow only certain cells through

Front 6

the Barrier is composed of two components: ___ and ___

Back 6

1. Tight junction = form seal
2. Adherance Junction = give adhension

Front 7

These two junctions are made of _____

Back 7

multiple proteins complexes

**need both for barriers to work

Front 8

Dysfunction of tight junctions can causes serveral diseases in the intestinal tract. Give some examples:

Back 8

**Crohn's disease (intestinal tract)
**Multiple Organ Dysfunction
**glaucoma

Front 9

free surface epithelia tissue exposed to the environment are attached to a _____

Back 9

basement membrane

Front 10

shape of epithelial tissue plays an important role in ____ and ____

Back 10

secretion and absorption

Front 11

name 3 cell shape of epithelia tissue

Back 11

1. Cuboidal (round dishes)
2. Columnar (large cytoplasm)
3. Squamous (flat tile)

Front 12

these cell shapes come together by layer what are these layer called?

Back 12

*simple-- one cell layer
*stratified-- greater than one cell layer
*pseudostratified-- one cell layer, but looks like more

Front 13

[give the function of these epithelial shpae]

Simple squamous epithelia

do they form tight or adherence junction

Back 13

thin and leaky, molecule exchange such as blood vessel

*do not form tight junction or adherence junction
example: capillaries

Front 14

stratified squamous epithelia

Back 14

many layers that regenerate at basement membrane and sloughed (shed) off at free end- skin

example: skin
**want to be a little bit leaky, but still want some strength
**made of stratified squamous cell for abrasion

Front 15

Columnar epithelia

Do they form TJ or AJ

Back 15

large cytoplasmic volumes--- secretes and/or absorption

**form tight junction and adherence junction

Front 16

Simple columnar epithelia (give an example)

Back 16

intestines

Front 17

Pseudo-stratified columnar (give an example)

Back 17

line nasal passages

Front 18

stratified columnar epithelia (give example)

Back 18

line inner surface of urinary bladder

Front 19

Cuboidal epithelia (what is the function)

Back 19

specialized for secretion--- mammary gland, kidney, and hormone producing glands

Front 20

[CONNECTIVE TISSUE]
what is the the function of CT?

Back 20

binds and supports other tissues

*cell produce Etracellular matrix (ECM)

Front 21

[CT] Bone

Give:
1. ECM
2. Cell types

Back 21

1. Matrix-- solid
2. bone is made by cells called osteoblasts (secretes CA phosphate)

note: cartilage is made of cells called chrontrocyte

Front 22

[CT] Fat droplet

Give:
1. ECM
2. Cell types

Back 22

1. matrix: jelly like
2. made of adipose (adipocyte) cells (responsible for the production and storage of fat)

Front 23

[CT] Plasma of blood

Give:
1. ECM
2. Cell types

Back 23

1. matrix: liquid
2. made of blood cell

Front 24

Another catagory of connective tissue is called _____

Back 24

loose connective tissue (which is made of fibers)

Front 25

what is fibroblasts

Back 25

make fibers

Front 26

what are the 3 connective tissues fibers

Back 26

1. Collagen fibers, Elastic fibers, and Reticular fibers

Front 27

collagen fibers

Back 27

**important strength
**nonelastic
**does not easily tear

Front 28

Elastic fibers

Back 28

**long threads
**provides a rubbery quality
*provide flexibility

Front 29

Reticular fibers

Back 29

**collagen
**thin and branched
**connect to collagenous fibers
**x-link

Front 30

what are the purpose of these three fibers?

Back 30

keeps organ in place and connect tissue

Front 31

what are fibrous connective tissue

Back 31

a form of connective tissue made of collgen fibers
**ligaments = attach bones at joints
**tendon = attach muscles to bone

Front 32

[NERVOUS TISSUE] what is the function of nervous tissue?

Back 32

senses stimul and transmits signals throughout the organism

Front 33

Neroun-nerve cell contains three parts:

Back 33

a cell body, dendrites, and axon

Front 34

cell body

Back 34

where the nucleus and cellular organelles are located

Front 35

dendrites which are processes extending rom the cell body that receive ______

Back 35

stimuli from the environment or other neurons

Front 36

axon

Back 36

transmission of nerve impulses to other cells

Front 37

the interaction of the end bulb (part of the axon) w/ the adjacent cell forms a structure called a _____

Back 37

snapse<BR><BR>**junction b/w neuron and effector/target cell

Front 38

synapses are specialized to _____ and convert it into an _______

Back 38

**specialized to recieve a signal

**electrical potential

Front 39

Signal comes through ____ and out going is through an ____. this signal is called ____

Back 39

dendrites
axon
Action Potential

Front 40

what is Action Potential?

Back 40

a temporily ion flux

Na+ ---> in
K ---> out

*Na+ and K gets transfer along plasma membran that allow nerve cells to emit a signal when its stimulated

Front 41

[MUSSCLE TISSUE] name the three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates:

Back 41

1. Skeletal muscle
2. cardiac muscle
3. smooth muscle

Front 42

[MUSSCLE TISSUE] name the three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates:

Back 42

1. Skeletal muscle
2. cardiac muscle
3. smooth muscle

Front 43

skeletal muscle

Back 43

**voluntary movements of body
**striated muscle-- which is due to overlapping of filaments

Front 44

skeletal muscle

Back 44

**voluntary movements of body
**striated muscle-- which is due to overlapping of filaments

Front 45

cardiac muscle

Back 45

**striated
**branched cells
**non voluntary (heart)
**can beat and move

Front 46

cardiac muscle

Back 46

**striated
**branched cells
**non voluntary (heart)
**can beat and move

Front 47

smooth muscle

Back 47

**lacks striations
**involuntary body activities

locations: walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries, and other organs

Front 48

[Organs: organization of different tissue types] Consider a cross section of the stomach wall: give the layer of the stomach lining. Starts from inner (lumen of stomach) to outer (exterior of stomach wall)

Back 48

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Front 49

smooth muscle

Back 49

**lacks striations
**involuntary body activities

locations: walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries, and other organs

Front 50

[Organs: organization of different tissue types] Consider a cross section of the stomach wall: give the layer of the stomach lining. Starts from inner (lumen of stomach) to outer (exterior of stomach wall)

Back 50

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa