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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agriculture today is what type of system?
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Intensive agriculture, crops are produced in surplus
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What do peasants produce?
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They produce surpluses but maintain theselves with subsistence production.
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How do communities cooperate to help out those in need?
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They assure need-based distribution of resources.
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Economic exchange between peasants consists of what?
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Reciprocity with kin and community members
Bartering with strangers or people outside one's kin group and community |
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What is rural to urban migration?
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Peasants often make up the initial wave of factory workers in an industrializing society. Rural to Urban - relieves population growth in the country and satisfies labor needs in cities.
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In Oscar Lewis' Tepoztlan, Village in Mexico - CVhildren of Sanchez resulted in what type of stereotypes?
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The culture of poverty resulted in stereotypes of impoverished peasants and justified economic development and modernization.
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Eric Wolf: Peasant Wars study looked at what?
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Comparative study of peasant rebellions in exico, Russia, China, Vietnam, Algeria, and Cuba
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Robert Redfields Tepoztlan exploration looked at what?
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Folk cultures of the Yucatan (great and little traditions)
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What do George Fosters studies in Tzintzuntzan look at?
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The Culture in a small village in Mexico - the interactions between peasants and the hostile states around them, and the dyadic contract, image of limited good, and cultural responses to envy - Mechanisms people adapt to conditions of chronic scarcity.
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What is a subaltern?
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Any person who experiences inferior social rank, such as because of race, ethnicity, social class, gender, sexual orientation, or religion.
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What does History from Below indicate? Which culture does this exist in?
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Non-elites are agents of change in South Asia
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Ranajit Guha, Partha Chatterjee, Dipesh Chakrabarty, David Hardaman, Gayatri Spivak, Edward Said, and Qadri Ismail were all part of what study in the 1980-1990s?
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South Asian Peasants
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Who is Michael Taussig and what does his book, the Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America tell about?
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Explores the social significance of the devil in the folklore of contemporary plantation workers and miners in South America. The Devil is an iage which mediates the conflict between precapitalist and capitalist modes of objectifying the human condition.
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What type of groups are studies among the South Asian Peasants?
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Subaltern Studies Group - ore recent works by new scholars
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What do the Peasants protest against during Social Movements?
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Resist against:
Destruction of local communities Amassing of wealth by nonlocal elites from local labor and natural resources Outside economic intervention, such as funded by the IMF and World Bank Constraints of government policy and shifting policies |
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What is the major concern of the peasants and social movements?
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Land and land distribution.
Attempts to affect constitution and laws of newly emerging independent nations Political protest Violent revolution and other acts of terrorism. |
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What are Peasants fighting for in terms of "rights of self-determination"?
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Economic, Social, Cultural, Political, Violent revolution and other acts of "terrorism"
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Describe the Mexican Revolution.
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Took place in 1910 against Diaz. Led by Madero - Diaz was a dictator who had people scared into voting for him, he also rigged votes, he brought any advances at the expense of human rights .
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What was the US Revolution of 1776-83? How did the US even begin?
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Agrarian economy established under republican/democratic governance
Land open for settlement and agricultural development: conquest of native peoples and land rushes |
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How are peasants suffering at the hands of the multinational coorperations? How many jobs has Mexico lose since NAFTA? How much of the population was in agriculture?
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They are getting moved out of their agricultural work by multinational corporations and core-nation policies.
1.5 Million jobs since 1994, 20% agriculture |
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What two values are virtues are minimized by Global Capitalism?
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Cooperation and Social Empathy are minimized.
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The forces of globalization act on existing inequalities that result from:
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Colonial domination and the Cold War alliances and power
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How does Colonial Domination effect people today?
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Including colonizers views of gender, religion, environment, priitive societies, and hteir needs for physical resources, cheap labor, and areas of settlement.
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The commodity is starting to dominate both resources and people, making what an end in itself?
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Profit-making, at almost any cost of harm that can be ignored.
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What are the three ways the Zealise approach is trying to create better human resources within a company?
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They move people management from a soft skill to the same degree of accountability, integrity, and control that applies to the administration of any other asset.
Empirical analysis of performance and comparison from one period to the next Reinforcement of behavioral change within the organization, particularly by the management which ensure people feel they are regarded as assets. |
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How are language and secrecy used to exploit peoples lack of awareness and ignorance?
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Democracy could mean many things, populism - elite control - Free speech means freedom to be bigoted.
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What countries has the US thrown a democratically elected leader out of and when?
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Chile 1972, Guatemala 1954, and Iran 1950. Noam Chomsky says: It didn't happen.
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How is consumerism justified, despite the hidden costs to the society and environment?
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Continual economic growth, which cannot occur and has hidden costs for society and the environment.
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Why do core nations intervene in the business of peripheral nations?
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Core nations benefit from intervening in peripheral nations.
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What are Transnational migrants?
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Displaced groups in refugee camps
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What is State sponsored terrorism?
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Terrorism against citizens of one's own nation-state to subdue or eliminate cultural diversity and political dissent.
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When financial intervention in order to promote economic development occurs, it forces what?
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Modernization
Transition of most people to wage labor, ending local communities and modes of production Neoliberal restructuring of debtor nations destroys basic government services such as access to good water, subsidized jobs, rural infrastructure, and services to urban poor. |
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What are trickle down policies? How do they help the financial elite weild power in the name of democracy?
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Trickle down policies result in a "gush up" of wealth and control of resources. Local resources, wealth, and labor disappear, and are not reinvested in local communities.
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What is needed for our time and places in order to save the small time people from globalization?
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Think Globally, act locally.
Be informed on a global scale, and consider multiple perspectives. Hold contradictory ideas and policies in mind for critical comparison Make decisions and take actions based on local needs and globally wise strategies Active grassroots or local involvement in issues and problems |
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Where is the best location for dissent based on political histories?
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The US is the best place for dissent
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Why should we soften loyalties to specific nation-states?
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Rigid support for any one nation and its dominant views stifles the creative, critical thinking that is necessary.
Nation states are fooled too easily by the promises of global consumerism and neoliberalism: ideological persuasion, indebtedness to investors, etc. |
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Why shouldn't we assume that NGO models are easy answers or the best solutions?
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Not the best solutions to poverty, shortages, cultural disruptions, disease control, and other problems.
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What is the Mazeway resynthesis?
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Use of old traditional and new practices to create a more satisfying cultural system.
Redefinition of social identity against practices or groups that are undesirable and unwanted. ` |
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What was Wallace's study of the Handsome Lake movement of the Seneca Indians?
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Seneca Cheif Handsome Lake, had revelations that transformed himself, he encouraged Christian like confessions and told NAs to steer clear of Alcohol, he urged followers to adopt custos of white Americans (farming and housing) while holding American Indian ceremonies.
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What Occured at Wounded Knee in South Dakota in 1890?
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A Massacre, of more than 300 men, women and children of the Sioux were dead.
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How did James Mooney describe the Ghost Dance Religion of the Northern Great Plains?
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Started by a man named Wovoka: A circle of spirit dancing, a religious ceremony in which participants believe their dead realitives will coe back and all white people will perish. The Spirit said tha the dance would renew the earth, return the buffalo, and deceased loved ones would come back.
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What are the Melanesian cargo "cults" recorded by P Worsley and others?
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A group of religious movements appearing in tribal societies in the wake of interaction with technologically-advanced non-native cultures. Focus on obtaining material wealth of culture through magical thinking as well as rituals and practices, believing that materials were intended for them.
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What is another term for Revitalizing Societies?
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Oppressed minority groups in a colony or state.
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What are current uses of Revitalization?
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Influence of religious revitalization on national politics. Iran after 1978, US from late 1970s, and Afghanistan in response to Soviet occupation; the Al Qaeda
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Can revitalization movements engage in anti-systemic protest?
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Yes, but it may not be primary reason for revitalization.
Rejuvenation of one's own cultural ways. |
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What is the Synthesis of Iroquois cultural practices with Protestant-styled preaching and worship?
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Reclaiming individuals from alcoholism
Reinventing Seneca Culture Non-Christian and indigenous elements |
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What are some of the varied interpretations of how specific groups should respond to the non-Indian presence?
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Settlers, US Government, and military were threatened by groups that predicted the disappearance of wasichus.
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What is Iranian Shiíte funedamentalism?
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Rejection of non-religious Western influences from the US between 1950s to 1978, does NOT reject all parts of modern global culture.
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How do social movements indicate conflicts and contradictions in the societies in which they occur?
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Competition for power and ideological dominance
Access to resources denied to some groups Maintenance of existing ways of life |
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Ethnic, indigenous movements and peasant rebellions have what features?
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they have self-determined social identity, they are opposed to nationalist and state-based identity and power
Economic self-sufficiency, opposed to outside investment government control and regulation, regional and global trade Independence form national and international social stratification core/semiperiphery/periphery |
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Citizenship in nation-states consists of a defensive identity why?
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There is a need to create an identity that contrasts iwt hteh identity and ideology of a real or percieved enemy
An enemy that embodies evil and values that are rejected and unwanted Citizen identity imposed on residents by symbolic force and real force. |
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When were the Euro-American Revolutions?
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1848: Worker movements in Europe, mostly through the trade union, violent supression
Movements of national liberation, usually violent Short term failure, but other agendas of reform |
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How did the Euro-American Revolutions start to win in the long-term agendas?
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Workers rights, universal suffrage,
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When did the End of the Colonial empires in Spanish colonies occur?
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1800s, Americas gained independence, most independence days are in Septeber and early october and are clebrated in Iowa
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When did the British and French epires give up their colonies?
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1900s, African colonies, iddle East, and Southeast Asia
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What was an example of a mixed result of national independence?
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German Romanticist model of the nation-state.
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What is an example of a working class that revolted in a core nation?
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Pennsylvania coal miners.
Educated elites and iddle classes in semiperipheral and peripheral nations |
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What are the two strategies of revolt?
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Compromise of social conservative and social deocrats: the odern liberal state
- Government services for disadvantaged - Legal protections: child labor laws, length of workday, workplace safety, and industry regulation. |
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How did socialized production help the working class?
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Gave the an overall lower standard of living, but offered greater job security and reliability of access to resources.
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The emergence of socialized production and the modern liberal state set the stage for what ideological struggles in the 20th century?
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Communism/Socialism versus democracy
Cold War Alliances with US and USSR as major superpowers (China as a distant third) |
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In 1968: new revolution in Europe, the Americans, and Japan led to what movements?
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The Cival rights and Anti-war Movements
Anti-Soviet protests in some Communist countries Unrealized benefits of the past 120 years of reforms, especially in peripheral nations and lower classes of core nations |
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In the US, identity movements with specialized agendas occurred among what groups?
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Labor and Ethnic Groups, Second-wave feminism groups.
Reforms granted greater access and equality of opportunity. |
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What was the ipact of newly independent nations that formed European models of the Nation State?
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State-Type politics combined with the dominance of one or a few ethnic groups in multi-ethnic states.
Indigenous elites control power and wealth, often in a dictatorship that gave lip service to democracty and civil human rights. US forges Cold War Alliances with almost any non-Communist leader and nation, overthrow of democratically elected left-leaning presidents, full support of brutal and corrupt right wingers . |
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What are the Three Goals of Global Environmentalizm?
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Preserve the Local Ways of life against capitalist developers with neoliberal assuptions and state backing
Protest against the effects of global capitalism Protest against anthropocentric (human centered) views of life on Earth. |
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What is Dream Lake in Dallas, Cty Iowa?
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A sustainable community, want to create a trend that focuses on the impact they are having on the environment and how they can enhance it.
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How are concentrated Animal Feeding Operations related to the Environment?
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They often let off a lot of dangerous runoff and toxins that are incredibly bad for the environment.
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How is global capitalism hurting the environment?
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Commodification of natural world and disruption of integrated ecosystems.
Disruption of small human communities that rely on these ecosystems Costs of doing business that are pushed onto local populations and environments: pollution, loss of culturally defined natural beauty, illnesses. |
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what is the Protest against anthropocentric (Human centered views of life on Earth)
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Earlier presentation on the assumptions of Judeo Christian theology and Western Philosophy.
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What is the Gaia Hypotheses?
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Humans as but one part of small and large scale ecosystems.
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Human dominance of the environment is the primary cause for?
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Global Warming
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Transnational Social Activist Groups Point out:
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Lack of accountability of nation-states and their uses of force, multinational corporations, and other large-scale entities and processes
Effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on people who have no power in crafting the agreements or in how the policies are implemented. Threats of industralized farming, privatization, and high technology on local comunities and cultural groups and their livlihoods and quality of life. |
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How did the Zapatistas in Chiapas gain global support?
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they used technology to rally the world around their cause.
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How are film makers able to inform people at great distances about labor conditions?
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Movies like China Blue and the Take
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Teaching local people to use technology to their advantage is what Terence Turner does with who?
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The Kayapo Indians in the Brazilian Amazon.
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How is society approaching questions and problems occuring today?
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Issue-based: water rights, human rights, localized subsistence, ecosystem damage, and gender/racial privilege.
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