Final- Anatomy Lecture

Front 1

Neck Landmarks

Back 1

C2- Angle of Mandible

C3- Body of Hyoid Bone

C4- Laryngeal Prominence (of the Thyroid Cartilage)

C5- Lamina of the Thyroid Cartilage

C6- Anterior Arch of Cricoid Cartilage

C7- 1st Ring of Trachea

Front 2

Submental Triangle

Back 2

Borders:
1) MIdline
2) Anterior belly of Digastric
3) Hyoid

Contents: Mylohyoid Muscle

Anterior Neck Triangle

Front 3

Anterior Neck Triangle

Back 3

Borders:
1) Midline
2) Anterior Border of SCM
3) Mandlible

Front 4

Submandibular (Diagastric) Triangle

Back 4

Borders:
1) Mandible
2) Anterior & Posterior Belly of Digastric

Contents: Submandibular Gland

Anterior Neck Triangle

Front 5

Carotid Triangle

Back 5

Borders:
1) Posterior Belly of Digastric
2) Superior Belly of Omohyoid
3) Anterior Border of SCM

Contents: Carotid Sheath

Anterior Neck Triangle

Front 6

Muscular Triangle

Back 6

Borders:
1) Midline
2) Superior belly of Omohyoid
3) Anterior Border of SCM

Contents: Strap/ Infrahyoid Muscles

Anterior Neck Triangle

Front 7

Posterior Neck Triangle

Back 7

Borders:
1) Posterior Border of SCM
2) Anterior Border of Trapezius
3) Clavicle

Front 8

Occipital Triangle

Back 8

Borders:
1) Posterior Border of SCM
2) Anterior Border of Trapezius
3) Inferior Belly of Omohyoid

Contents:
1) Splenius Capitis
2) Levator Scapula
3) Scalene Muscles
4) Cervical Plexus

Posterior Neck Triangle

Front 9

Omoclavicular/ Supraclavicular/ Subclavian Triangle

Back 9

Borders:
1) Clavicle
2) Inferior Belly of Omohyoid
3) Posterior Border of SCM

Contents:
1) Scalene Muscles
2) Subclavian A & V
3) Brachial Plexus

Posterior Neck Triangle

Front 10

Superficial Cervical Fascia

Back 10

Contents:
1) Cutaneous Muscle (Platysma)
2) 2 cutaneous veins (A. Jugular & E. Jugular)
3) 4 Cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus (lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular)

Front 11

Deep Cervical Fascia

Back 11

1) Investing Layer

2) Pretracheal Layer

3) Prevertebral Layer

4) Retropharyngeal Space

5) Carotid Sheath

Front 12

Investing Layer

Back 12

*Deep Cervical Fascia

Surrounds superficial neck & nucheal region muscles

Front 13

Pretracheal Layer

Back 13

*Deep Cervical Fascia

Surrounds VISCERA of neck (trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland)

Front 14

Prevertebral Layer

Back 14

*Deep Cervical Fascia

Surrounds cervical vertebrae & deep neck & nucheal muscles

Front 15

Retropharyngeal Space

Back 15

*Deep Cervical Fascia

Between pretracheal & prevertebral layers

Front 16

Carotid Sheath

Back 16

*Deep Cervical Fascia

1) Receive contribution from investing, pretracheal, prevertebral layers

2) AVN:
Medial- A: Common & Internal Carotid A
Lateral- V: Internal Jugular
Posterior- N: Vegus Nerve (CNX)

Front 17

Where does the Common Carotid Artery bifurcate?

Back 17

C4- Laryngeal Prominence

Front 18

Carotid Sinus

Back 18

Baroreceptor- stretches/ responds when blood pressure goes up

Front 19

Carotid Body

Back 19

Chemoreceptor- Respiratory. increses respiration

Front 20

Internal Carotid Arteries

Back 20

Run up into cranial cavity by carotid canal in base of skull.

No branches on neck

Front 21

External Carotid Artery (8 branches)

Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating

Back 21

1. Superior Thyroid Artery (C4)
2. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery (C4)
3. Lingual Artery (C3)
4. Facial Artery (C3)
5. Occipital Artery (C3)
6. Posterior Auricular Artery (Face)
7. Maxillary Artery (Face)
8. Superficial Temporal Artery (Face

Front 22

Superior Thyroid Artery

Back 22

1. (C4)
2. First Branch- Supplies Thyroid Gland

Front 23

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

Back 23

1. (C4)
2. Smallest Branch

Front 24

Lingual Artery

Back 24

1. (C3)
2. Supplies the tongue & floor of mouth

Front 25

Facial Artery

Back 25

1. (C3)
2. Supplies superficial facial structures

Front 26

Occipital Artery

Back 26

1. (C3)
2. To back of head

Front 27

Posterior Auricular Artery

Back 27

1. Face
2. Posterior to ear

Front 28

Maxillary

Back 28

1. Face
2. Supplies deep facial structures

Front 29

Superficial Temporal Artery

Back 29

1. Face
2. terminal branch of the external carotid artery

Front 30

Subclavian arteries

Back 30

Right: branch of brachiocephalic trunk

Left: from Aortic Arch (3rd branch of aortic arch)

Front 31

Arteries for Brain

Back 31

1. Vertebral

2. Internal Carotid

Front 32

1st Part of Subclavian Artery

VIT C & D

Back 32

Origin of artery to medial border of anterior scalene

1. Vertebral Artery
2. Internal Thoracic Artery
3. Thyrocervical Trunk
4. Costocervical Trunk

5. Dorsal Scapular (3rd Part)

Front 33

Vertebral Artery

Back 33

1. First & largest branch.

2. Ascends through transverse Foramina of C6-C1 to enter cranial cavity via foramen magnum.

3. Connects with other vertebral artery to form basilar artery to form CIRCLE OF WILLIS (supplies brain)

Front 34

Internal Thoracic Artery

Back 34

1. Decends along the lateral sternal border of inner surface of thorax.

2. Intercostal Muscles

Front 35

Thyrocervical Trunk

Back 35

Branches:
1. Inferior Thyroid- inferior part of thyroid gland

2. Superficial Cervical- Trapezius

3. Suprascapular- supraspinatus & infraspinatus

Front 36

Costocervical Trunk

Back 36

2 Branches

1. Deep Cervical- ascends btwn semispinalis capitis & cervicis to C2

2. Supreme Intercostal- to upper Intercostal space

Front 37

2nd part of subclavian artery

Back 37

1. Behind the anterior scalene

2. No branches from this part

Front 38

3rd part of subclavian

Back 38

1. From lateral edge of A. Scalene to rib 1

2. One branch- Dorsal Scapular- supplies levator scapulae & rhomboids

Front 39

VIT C

Back 39

1/3 of people have Transverse Cervical Artery (Dorsal Scapular & Superficial Cervical arise here)

Front 40

Transverse Cervical Artery

Back 40

1. 1/3 of poeple

2. Branches: Superficial & Deep
a. Superficial Cervical A.
b. Dorsal Scapular A

Front 41

Axillary Artery

Back 41

At Rib 1 to lateral border of pectoral minor

Front 42

1st Part of Axillary Artery

Back 42

Location: 1st rib to medial border of pectoral minor

Branch: Superior Thoracic Artery- upper anterior thoracic wall

Front 43

2nd part of Axillary Artery

Back 43

Location: Posterior to pectoral minor

Branches:
1) Thoracoacromial Trunk-
a. clavicular
b. acromial
c. deltoid
d. pectoral

2) Lateral Thoracic Artery- serratus anterior, pecotral muscles & breast

Front 44

3rd part of Axillary Artery

Back 44

Location: Lateral border of pectoral minor to inferior border of teres major

Branches:
1) Subscapular Artery
a. Circumflex Scapular Artery- surpa & infraspinatus
b. Thoracodorsal- Latissimus Dorsi

2) A & P Humeral Circumflex- SURGICAL neck of humerus

Front 45

Veins of the Neck

Back 45

*Symetrical on both sides

Superficial:
1) Anterior Jugular
2) External Jugular

Deep:
1) Internal Jugular

Front 46

External Jugular Vein

Back 46

From jaw to clavicle- empties into subclavian vein

Front 47

Anterior Jugular Vein

Back 47

Between midline and anterior border of SCM- joins the end of external jugular vein

Front 48

Internal Jugular Vein

Back 48

Runs in carotid sheath with common & internal carotid & vegus nerve.

Joins subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic. Then joins part from left to form Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

SVC empties into Right Atrium of the heart

Front 49

Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes (6)

SSPPOS

Back 49

1. Submental
2. Submandibular
3. Preauricular/ Parotid
4. Postaricular/ Retroauriclular
5. Occipital
6. Superficial Cervical (Runs with External Juguar)

Front 50

Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
Superior & Inferiro

Back 50

*Along Carotid Sheath

Superior: Jugulodigatric Node
Inferior: Jugulomyohyoid & Supraclaviular

Front 51

Sentinal or Signal Node

Back 51

Left Supraclavicular Node
**Indicative of Visceral Disorders

Front 52

Lymphatic Drainage- Right

Back 52

Right half of face & neck; right upper extrmity and right thorax into right subclavian vein via right lymphatic duct

Front 53

Lymphatic Drainage- Left

Back 53

Left half of face & neck; left upper extremity; left thorax; abdomen; pelvis; both lower extremities via Thoracic Duct

Front 54

Cutaneous Branches of Cervical Plexus

Back 54

* Emerge from midpoint of posterior border of SCM

1) Lesser Occipital (C2)
2) Great Auricular (C2 & C3)
3) Transverse Cervical (C2& C3)
4) Supraclavicular (C3 & C4)

Front 55

Cervical Plexus

Back 55

C1-C4 Ventral Rami
Cutaneous, Muscular & Mixed

Front 56

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Back 56

C2

Posterior head

Front 57

Great Auricular Nerve

Back 57

C2 & C3
Ear & Lateral face

Front 58

Transverse Cervical Nerve

Back 58

C2 & C3

Anterior Neck

Front 59

Supraclavicular Nerve

Back 59

C3 & C4

Anterior Upper Thoracic Wall (Above clavical)

Front 60

Muscular Branches of Cervical Plexus

Back 60

1. Ansa Cervicalis
2. Nerve to Thyroid & Geniohyoid Muscles
3. Nerve to deep muscles

Front 61

Ansa Cervicalis Nerve

Back 61

*Goes to 3 of 4 infrahyoid NOT Thyrohyoid

Roots:
a. Superior Root
b. Inferior Root

Front 62

Superior Root of Ansa Cervicalis

Back 62

C2 & sometimes C1

***Carried by CN XII (Superior Omohyoid)

Decends on medial side of carotid sheath

Front 63

Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis

Back 63

C2 & C3

Descends on lateral side of carotid sheath

Inferior Omohyoid; Sternohyoid; Sternothyroid

Front 64

Nerve to Thyrohyoid & Geniohyoid Muscles

Back 64

C1

***Carried by CN XII (Hypoglossal) to Thyrohyoid & Genohyoid Muscles

Front 65

Nerve to Deep Neck Muscles

Back 65

To Longus Colli, Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis (Anterior & Lateralis)

Front 66

Mixed Branch of Cervical Plexus

Back 66

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

Front 67

Phrenic Nerve

Back 67

C3-C5

Descends on anterior surface of Anterior Scalene in the neck. Runs down btwn Pleura & Pericardium

Motor: Diaphragm

Sensory: Pleura & Pericardium

Front 68

Cranial Nerves in the Neck

Back 68

CN V
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII

Front 69

CN V

Back 69

Trigeminal Nerve- Mandibular Division

Mylohyoid & Anterior Digastric Muscles

Front 70

CN VII

Back 70

Facial Nerve

Platysma, Posterior Digastri & Stylohyoid

Front 71

CN IX

Back 71

Glossopharyngeal

Carotid Sinus & Body; Sylopharyngeal Muscle

Front 72

CN

Back 72

Vagus

Branches:
1) Pharyngeal Nerve- to Pharynx

2) Superior Laryngeal Nerve- upper part of the larynx

3) Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (R & L) becomes Inferior Laryngeal Nerve
a. Right Recurrent Laryngeal
b. Left Recurrent Laryngeal

Front 73

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

Back 73

Right: Loops around right subclavian A & runs back up to larynx

Left: Loops around Aortic Arch and runs back to larynx

Front 74

CN XI

Back 74

Spinal Accessory

Trapezius & SCM

Front 75

CN XII

Back 75

Hypoglossal (Tongue & Carry)


1) Carries superior root of Ansa Cervicalis to Superior belly of Omohyoid

2) Carries C1 to Geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid Muscles

Front 76

Parasympathetic Nerves in Neck

Back 76

Vagus (X) originates from brain stem to viscera

Front 77

Sympathetic Nerves in Neck

Back 77

1) Superior Cervical Ganglion

2) Middle Cervical Ganglion

3) Inferior Cervical Ganglion/ Stellate Ganglion/ Cervicothoracic Ganglion

Front 78

Superior Cervical Ganglion

Back 78

C1 & C2 vertebrae

Fused

Connects to C1-C4 spinal nerve (through Gray)

Front 79

Middle Cervical Ganglion

Back 79

C6 Vertebrae

Connects to C5 & C6 spinal nerves (through gray)

Front 80

Inferior/ Cervicothoracic/ Stellar Ganglion

Back 80

C7 Vertebrae

Connects C7, C8 & T1 spinal nerve (through Gray)

***Also receives white ramus from T1

Front 81

Shoulder Joint

Back 81

4 Joints

1) Sternoclavicular (SC)
2) Acromoclavicular (AC)
3) Glenohumeral
4) Scapulothoracic

Front 82

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

Back 82

Type: Saddle/ Sellar, Complex

Movements: Small Anterioposterior, Vertical & rotational

Bones:
1) Clavicular Notch of Manubrium of Sternum
2) Sternal Extremity of Clavicle

Ligaments:
1) A & P SC
2) Interclavicular
3) Costoclavicular
4) Articular Disc

Front 83

Acromoclavicular (AC) Joint

Back 83

Type: Gliding/ Plane

Movement: Small anterioposterior, Vertical & Rotational

Bones:
1) Acromial Extremity of Clavicle
2) Acromion of Scapula

Ligaments:
1) Superior Acromoclavicular
2) Coracoclavicular (Conoid & Trapezoid)
3) Articular Disc

Front 84

Glenohumeral

Back 84

Type: Ball & Socket/ Spheroidal

Movement: Everything.

Bones:
1) Glenoid Fossa of Scapula
2) Head of Humerus

Ligaments:
1) Articular Capsule
2) Glenohumeral
3) Coracohumeral
4) Coracoacromial
5) Transverse Humeral
6) Glenoid Labrum

Front 85

Scapulothoracic Joint/ Articulation

Back 85

Type: Muscular Connection, Physiological Joint

Movements: Moves Scapula

Bones:
1) Scapula & Humerus
2) Thoracic Rib Cage

Ligaments:

None