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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aggression
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complex phenomenon w/ many functions & causes.
may include predatory behavior, and even include the prey animal being eaten. *behavior that appears to be intended to inflict noxious stimulation of destruction on another organism. NOTION OF INTENT IS NECESSARY TO EXCLUDE DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS AS A PERSON ACCIDENTALLY STEPPING ON ANT. Beh. Ecologists def-a form of resource competition in which an animal actively excludes rivals from some ressource such as food, shelter or mates. |
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agonistic behavior
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adjustment of beh. patterns w/ the common function of adjustment to situations of conflict among conspecifics.
(adjusting to conflict bt own species). . term includes all aspects of conflict (threats, submissions, chases and physical combat, but it specifically excludes predatory aggressin, since pred.beh. is part of a separate beh. system. |
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competition
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the demand of 2 or more organisms for some limited resource, such as food, space, or mates.
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AB
territorial - |
exclusion of others from some physical space
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AB
Dominance |
control of the behavior of a conspecific as a result of a previous encouter.
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AB
sexual |
use of threats and phusical punishment. usually by mailes to obtain and retain mates.
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AB
parental- |
attacks on intruders when young are presnt (defending young)
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AB
parent-offspring |
disiplinary action by parent against offspring (mostly in mammals, usually associated w/ weening).
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AB
predatory- |
act of predation, possibly including cannibalism
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AB
antipredatory |
defense attack by prey on predator, such as mobbing.
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most of the aggressive behaviors involve conflict among conspecifics, and so weould be included under agonistic behavior. these forms of aggression serve very d iff functions within and between species.
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independent regulatory centers in the brain may have evolved for them.
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Form of Competition:
exploitation |
organisms passively use up resources
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Form of Competition:
interference |
orgamisms interact so as to reduce one another's access to, or use of, resources.
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ideal free distribution
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assumes tht animals have accurate and complete info about the distrubution of resources, a...they are passive twd each other and are free to go wherever they can exploit the most resources.
ex: 2 sides of pond. 1 side is feeding twice as much as the other. 8 on one side, 4 on the other. mallard ducks showed that this happened. (more often, it is the case that individuals are NOT passive.) |
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what actually happened with the ducks.
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some ducks got more than their share of food and became despots.
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interference competition and resource defense in birds
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the best habitat quickly gets taken over, younger or less aggressive birds are excluded and forced to breed in less suitable habitats.
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home range
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area used habitually by an animal or group, in which the animal spends most of its time.
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core area
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the area of heaviest use within the home range.
may contain a nest, sleeping trees, its water source, feeding tree. |
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individual distance
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the minimum distance than an animal normally keeps between itself & other members of the same species.
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territory
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an area occupied more or less exclusively by an animal or group and defended by overt aggression or advertisement.
Howard presented 1st modern study of this. aquatic birds, described the defense of an area by a mateed pair, pointed out the birds need to defend a resource in order to breed, and noted the role of territory in pop. regulation. |
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economic defensibility
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establishes a territory.
the costs (energy, risk of injury) are outweighed the benefits (access to the resource) |
