Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Difference between endocrine and exocrine glands |
Exocrine glands produce non-hormonal substances, such as sweat and saliva. Endocrine glands aka DUCTLESS GLANDS produce hormones and lack ducts. They have rich vascular and lymphatic drainage surrounding them to transport hormones |
|
|
What is a neuroendocrine organ and what organ is called one? |
A organ that has nueral function as well as endocrine functions |
|
|
What is the endocrine system? |
A system that influences metabolic activities via hormones. (Hormone = to excite) |
|
|
What is a hormone? |
Chemical messengers that travel through blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body. |
|
|
What are the local chemical messengers? Explain them. Are they considered hormones? Why not |
Autocrines - chemicals that exert their affects on the same cells that secrete them Paracrines - act locally but affect cells other than the one that secreted them Hormones are long distance signals and these two are local |
|
|
What are the two main chemical classes of hormones? |
Amino acid based - most hormones are amino acid based. Usually water soulable and cannot cross cell membranes Steroids- cholesterol based, only gonadal and adrenocortical hormones are steroids. Usually lipid soluble and can cross plasma membrane |
|
|
What is a Target cell? |
Cells that have receptors for a corresponding hormone |
|
|
What are the two ways that cells are effected by hormones and what are the two hormone types |
Water soluble hormones act on receptors on the cell's membrane. Lipid soluble hormones act on receptors which generally target genes |
|
|
Name all of the endocrine organs from top to bottom |
Pineal gland, hypothalimus, pituitary gland, [thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,] thymus, adrenal, pancreas, gonads |
|
|
What are the three types of stimuli that trigger hormone release? |
Humoral - endocrine glands releasing hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of critical ions and nutrients. (Ex parathyroid glands monitoring Ca2+ levels Nueral - nerve fivers stimulate hormone release (ex neural stimuli in response to stress) Hormonal - endocrine glands release hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs |
|
|
What is up-regulation and down-regulation? |
Up regulation is when hormone levels in the blood are low, so the cells form additional corresponding receptors for that hormone. Down regulation is the removal of some and desentitizing the cell |
|
|
What is half life? |
The speed at which a hormone is broken down and removed by the body. Water soluble hormones have the shortest half lives |
|
|
Three types of hormone interactions |
Permissiveness- one hormone cannot exert it's full effects without another present Synergism - occurs when more than one organ produces the same effect at the Target cell, and their combined effects are amplified (fusion) Antagonism - when one hormone opposes the the action of the other (ex glucagon [raises blood sugar] and insilin) [lowers bloog sugar] |
|
|
Discuss the pituitary gland |
bes
Posterior pituitary - releases nuerohormones received ready made from the hypothalimus. Mostly a storage area. Releases oxytocin in response to hypothalimus Releases ADH in response to hypothalimus
Comprised of two major lobes Posterior pituitary - releases nuerohormones received ready made from the hypothalimus. Mostly a storage area.Releases oxytocin in response to hypothalimus Releases ADH in response to hypothalimusAnterior pituitary - composed of glandular tissue and releases a number of different hormones.Secretes GH (growth hormone)TSH (throis stimulating hormone)ACTH (andrenocortixotropic hormone)FSH (Follicle stimulating hormoneLH (lutienizing hormone) hormone PRL (prolactin) composed of glandular tissue and releases a number of different hormones. Secretes GH (growth hormone) Anterior pituitary - composed of glandular tissue and releases a number of different hormones.Secretes GH (growth hormone)TSH (throis stimulating hormone)ACTH (andrenocortixotropic hormone)FSH (Follicle stimulating hormoneLH (lutienizing hormone) hormone PRL (prolactin) TSH (throis stimulating hormone) ACTH (andrenocortixotropic hormone) FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone LH (lutienizing hormone) hormone PRL (prolactin)
|
