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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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behaivor that is automatic. done first time exposed to a stimulus |
innate |
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behaivor that comes through trial and error |
learned |
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learning not to respond to a stimulus. tuning out familar sounds |
habituate |
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creating complex learning behavior |
conditioning |
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behavior is modified by paring 2 stimuli, pavlov dog |
classical |
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animal learns to associate behavior with consequence. bird pressing bar or pecking key results in reward |
operant conditioning
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negative reward associated with something |
aversive conditioning |
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rapid learning that occurs during a restricted time early in an animals life. sensitive time period. gooslings thinking owner is parents |
imprinting |
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monkey see monkey doo |
observational learning |
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behaviors that are easily learned |
prepared learning |
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tool usage, reasoning, problem solving |
insight/cognitive behavior |
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an organism will not performa behavior if the cost is too high |
cost/benefit analysis |
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two sexes appear different, drake and hen ducks |
sexual dimorphism |
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1 male with multiple females |
polygini |
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1 female with multiple males |
plyandry |
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no pair bonds, brief encounters |
promiscuity
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deer fighting for a female |
lek |
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bear, only take care of yourself, scavengers |
soitary |
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wolf, help getting food, help raise young |
colonial |
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acts help another while hurting oneself. only in family groups |
altruistic |
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helping oneself while hurting others |
selfish |
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very rare, helps others and themselves. ants, bees |
cooperative |
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the study of the relationships among organisms and the environment |
ecology |
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community plus its non living environment |
ecosystem |
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some populations grow, others remain stable, others decline. the study of this is |
population dynamics |
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number of new individuals produced per individual in a defined period. human _______ is 20 per 1000 people per year |
birthrate |
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distribution of age classes, helps determine whether a population is growing, stable or declining. |
age structure |
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number of deaths per unit of time |
death rate |
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exponential growth is plotted over time |
j-curve |
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capture at a time, mark them, recapture |
mark + capture |
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#of marked/#of unmarked |
population estimate |
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4 types of pop estimate methods |
mark and recapture wing pellet count vocal |
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last remainging habitat but you dont know it |
sink |
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good but small habitata |
source |
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maximum number of individuals that the habitat can support indefinitely |
carrying capacity |
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natural controls, as population increases birth rates decline and death rates increase |
density dependent factors |
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effects that are unrelated to population density |
density independent factors |
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two or more species view fo rthe same limited resource. barnacles ______ for space |
competition |
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symbiosis in which both partners benefit. flowering plants and pollenators |
mutualism |
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symbiosis in which one partner benefits with no effect on the other. moss on tree bark |
commensalism |
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symbiosis in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed |
parasitism |
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animal consumea a plant or other photosynthetic organism |
herbivory |
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total of all the resources a species needs for survival. salinity, temperature, lighting |
niche |
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gradual change in a communitys species composition |
succession |
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no community exists, maybe from lava, and new community arises |
primary succession |
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community is distrubed but not destroyed |
secondary succesion |
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position in the food chain |
trophic level |
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organism taht is an autoroph and produces own energy |
primary producer |
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nutrients from sewage fertilze phytoplankton in the water and they die and take away the oxygen |
eutorophication |
