Final

Front 1

Each three month period of pregnancy is called a what?

Back 1

trimester

Front 2

What is the term for enlargement of Uterus it is an increase in number of cells= wall thickening; initial changes due to hormones?

Back 2

hyperplasia

Front 3

_____ of the total maternal blood volume is contained within the vasculature of the uterus

Back 3

1/6th

Front 4

These contractions stimulate blood movement through placenta and are often confused with true labor?

Back 4

Braxton-Hicks

Front 5

IN the cervix estrogen stimulation causes an increase in cell number producing a thick tenacious mucus that forms a ___ ____ which is expelled with cervical dilation?

Back 5

mucous plug

Front 6

Increase in ____ softens the cervix to dilate

Back 6

discharge

Front 7

This sign of vascularization is softening of cervis and increased vascularity?

Back 7

Goodells sign

Front 8

This sign is purple discoloratin of the cervix

Back 8

Chadwick's sign

Front 9

These cease ovum production during pregnancy?

Back 9

ovaries

Front 10

Progesterone secreted by this maintains the endometrium until the placenta assumes the task at 6-8 weeks, then is gone by mid pregnancy

Back 10

corpus luteum

Front 11

This all happens to what? hypertrophy/ thickening, increased vascularization and secretions, hyperplasia, acidic secretions (infection prevention but makes the patient more susceptible to monilial infection)

Back 11

vagina

Front 12

Increased size and nodularity of the breast is due to what two hormones?

Back 12

estrogen and progesterone

Front 13

When do you get colostrum?

Back 13

12th week of pregnancy

Front 14

During pregnancy hyperventilation occurs causing tidal volume to increase 30-40% and decreases ______ ______. This causes a 15% increase in 02 consumption.

Back 14

airway resistance

Front 15

What happens to breathing patterns during pregnancy?

Back 15

They go from abdominal to throracic

Front 16

_____ of pregnancy and epistaxis may occur (estrogen induced edema and vascular congestion of nasal mucosa)

Back 16

rhinitis

Front 17

Pressure on diaphragm pushes heart upward and to the left, rotating it ____.

Back 17

forward

Front 18

Blood volume is > _____ % over nonpregnant

Back 18

40-50%

Front 19

Cardiac output increases and peaks at 20-24 weeks gestation and remains elevated the duration of the pregnancy and pulse rate increase _____ beats.

Back 19

10-15

Front 20

Blood pressure should ___ slightly at first but returns to normal toward the end of pregnancy

Back 20

decrease

Front 21

Increased blood volume to lower extremeties may cause postural _____.

Back 21

hypotension

Front 22

Increased tendecy toward stagnation of blood in the lower extremeties, with a resulting dependent edema and the tendency toward _____ vein formatin in the legs, vulva, and rectum late in pregnancy

Back 22

varicose vein

Front 23

Pressure on vena cava when patient is supine : _____ hypotensive syndrome or vena cava syndrome may cause dizziness, pallor and clamminess, patient should lie on left side

Back 23

supine

Front 24

Total ____ count increase with iron supplements

Back 24

erythrocyte

Front 25

Icrease in plasma volume occurs. the plasma volume is greater than the erythrocyte increase causing a lower _____: physiologic anemia of pregnancy

Back 25

hematocrit

Front 26

WBC production equals the increase in blood volume and fibin levels increase placing mom at risk for developing what?

Back 26

venous thrombosis

Front 27

Early in pregnancy- nausea and vomitting due to increased levels of ___. Cravins and tast may change, and smells may be a problem

Back 27

hCG

Front 28

Gum tissue may become ____ and bleed during pregnancy.

Back 28

hyperemic

Front 29

Late in pregnancy- pressure of growing uterus displaces stomach and intestines causing decreased what?

Back 29

peristalsis

Front 30

Hyperpigmentation of skin during pregnancy is due to increased what?

Back 30

estrogen

Front 31

____ nigra on midline of abdomen occurs during pregnancy

Back 31

linea

Front 32

Facial _____ also called the mask of pregnancy occurs

Back 32

chloasma

Front 33

Vascular spider _____ appear on chest, neck, face, arms, and legs. There is also decreased hair growth, 1-4 months post delivery, and most replaced by 6-12 months post delivery.

Back 33

nevi

Front 34

Center of gravity changes with resulting postural changes. Diastasis recti occur in the abdominal muscle and ____ of extremeties as a result of pressure on peripheral nerves.

Back 34

parasthesis

Front 35

Intraocular pressure decreases, slight thickening of ____ and these changes are temporary and may cause problems while wearing contact lenses.

Back 35

cornea

Front 36

Recommended weight gain is ____ pounds (less for women already overweight)

Back 36

25-35

Front 37

Water metabolism changes-
- Increased level of hormones: steroid sex hormones affect ____ which affects fluid retention and lower serum protein influences fluid balance. Extra water is needed for the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid and the mother's increased blood volume, interstitial fluids and enlarged organs.

Back 37

sodium

Front 38

Nutrient Metabolism-
-The fetus demonds most of it's fat and protein in the 2nd half of the pregnancy, doubling in weight in the last ______ weeks.

Back 38

6-8

Front 39

______ enlarges slightly due to increased vascularity and hyperplasia of gladular tissue. Basal metabolic rate increases as much as 25% during pregnancy and returns to prepregnancy levels with in a few weeks postpregnancy.

Back 39

thyroid

Front 40

_______ is produced by the anterior pituitary and causes ovum groth.

Back 40

follicle stimulating hormone

Front 41

______ brings about ovulation.

Back 41

lutenizing hormone

Front 42

The _____ prolongs corpus luteal phase which maintains endometrium for conception and implantation.

Back 42

pituitary gland

Front 43

______ (an antidiuretic hormone) causes vasoconstriciton that icreases blood pressure and regulates water balance.

Back 43

vasopressin

Front 44

_____ produces uterine contractility and ejection of milk post partum.

Back 44

oxytocin

Front 45

______ produce the hormone cortisol which regulates carbohydrates and protein metabolism

Back 45

adrenals

Front 46

_____ produces more insulin for the increased needs of the pregnant women, gestational diabetes is of concern.

Back 46

pancreas

Front 47

____ ____ ______ stimulates prgeterone and estrogen production by the corpus luteum to maintain the pregnancy.

Back 47

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 48

_____ _____ ____ or human chorionic somatomammotropin is an antagonist of insulin regulating maternal needs for metabolism of glucose to favor fetal growth

Back 48

human placental lactogen

Front 49

____ stimulates uterine developement as early as 7 weeks, provides suitable environment for the fetus

Back 49

estrogen

Front 50

____ maintains the pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractility thus prevents early spontaneous abortion

Back 50

progesterone

Front 51

____ inhibits uterine contractility, diminishes strength of uterine contractions, and aids in the softening of the cervix.

Back 51

Relaxin

Front 52

______ are possibly responsible for maintaining reduced placental vascular resistance=decreased amounts found iwth preeclampsia/eclampsia

Back 52

prostaglandins

Front 53

This is the softening of the lower segment of the uterus it is an objective change.

Back 53

hegar's sign

Front 54

This is ease in flexing body of uterus against cervix?

Back 54

mcdonalds sign

Front 55

______ inhibition test 95% accurate for first morning urine specimen

Back 55

hemagglutination

Front 56

____ also known as Latex Agglutination test 95 % accurate.

Back 56

immunoassay

Front 57

Urine- no clumping of cells occurs when the urin of a pregnancy woman is added to hCG sensitized RBCs of ____.

Back 57

sheep

Front 58

Home/OTC pregnancy tests
-are also immunoassay tests and detect even low levels of ____ in urine. Few false positives, but higher rate of false negatives, follow up is signs of pregnancy develop.

Back 58

hCG

Front 59

fetoscope detects heartbeat from ____ weeks of pregnancy.

Back 59

17-20

Front 60

A doppler can be used from ____ weeks and the fetal heart rate should be between 120-160. Count and compare to maternal puls. Differentiat from a maternal aortic pulse or uterine souffle.

Back 60

10-12

Front 61

concept of ____ is unintentional development of pregnancy symptoms in the father such as fatigue, increased appetite, difficulty sleeping, depression, headache and backache.

Back 61

couvade