Final 3

Front 1

Viral genomes may consist of either

Back 1

Double- or single-stranded DNA, or
Double- or single-stranded RNA

Front 2

A ____ is the protein shell that encloses the viral genome

Back 2

capsid

Front 3

Capsids are built from protein subunits called

Back 3

capsomeres

Front 4

A ____ can have various structures

Back 4

capsid

Front 5

_____involves using bacteria to make multiple copies of a gene

Back 5

Gene cloning

Front 6

a large plasmid that has been trimmed down and can carry a large DNA insert is

Back 6

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)

Front 7

is made by cloning DNA made in vitro by reverse transcription of all the mRNA produced by a particular cell

Back 7

A complementary DNA (cDNA)

Front 8

A clone carrying the gene of interest can be identified with a nucleic acid probe having a sequence complementary to the gene

Back 8

nucleic acid hybridization

Front 9

To overcome differences in promoters and other DNA control sequences, scientists usually employ an _______, a cloning vector that contains a highly active prokaryotic promoter

Back 9

expression vector

Front 10

applying a brief electrical pulse to create temporary holes in plasma membranes

Back 10

electroporation

Front 11

indirect method of rapidly analyzing and comparing genomes is

Back 11

gel electrophoresis

Front 12

combines gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments with nucleic acid hybridization

Back 12

Southern blotting

Front 13

Specific DNA fragments can be identified by ____ blotting, using labeled probes that hybridize to the DNA immobilized on a “blot” of gel

Back 13

Southern blotting

Front 14

Changes in the expression of a gene during embryonic development can be tested using

Back 14

Northern blotting

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

Front 15

which methods are used to compare mRNA from different developmental stages

Back 15

Northern blotting

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

Front 16

combines gel electrophoresis of mRNA followed by hybridization with a probe on a membrane

Back 16

Northern blotting

Front 17

is quicker and more sensitive

Back 17

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Front 18

what is added to mRNA to make cDNA, which serves as a template for PCR amplification of the gene of interest

Back 18

Reverse transcriptase

Front 19

is one that can generate a complete new organism

Back 19

totipotent cell

Front 20

When a restriction enzyme is added, SNPs result in DNA fragments with different lengths, or

Back 20

restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)