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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Goals of Progressivism
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is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform.
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Muckrakers
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a reporter or writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports involving a host of social issues, broadly including crime and corruption and often involving elected officials, political leaders and influential members of business and industry.
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intitiative
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The power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task; enterprise and determination.
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referendum
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The submission of a proposed public measure or actual statute to a direct popular vote
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recall
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The procedure by which a public official may be removed from office by popular vote.
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Upton Sinclair
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Wrote "the jungle" he had researched about the meat-packing industry, and dropped it on an astonished nation in 1906.
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The Jungle
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An instant best-seller, Sinclair's book reeked with the stink of the Chicago stockyards. He told how dead rats were shoveled into sausage-grinding machines; how bribed inspectors looked the other way when diseased cows were slaughtered for beef, and how filth and guts were swept off the floor and packaged as "potted ham."
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Meat Inspection Act
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1906 this act made sure that meat was thoroughly inspected before reaching its consumers.
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NAACP
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination".
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USS Maine
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She is best known for her catastrophic loss in Havana harbor. Maine had been sent to Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain
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Yellow Journalism
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is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers.
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John J Pershing
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Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I and was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II,
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Pancho Villa
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was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals.
Villa and his supporters, known as Villistas, seized hacienda land for distribution to peasants and soldiers. He robbed and commandeered trains, and, like the other revolutionary generals, printed fiat money to pay for his cause. |
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Spanish-American-Cuban War
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was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States.Revolts against Spanish rule had been endemic for decades in Cuba and were closely watched by Americans; there had been war scares before, as in the Virginius Affair in 1873.
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Treaty of Paris 1898
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was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War.
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Queen Liliokalani
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was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
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Causes of WW1
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Imperialism Militarism Nationalism Alliances
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Selective Service
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The Selective Service System is a means by which the United States maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription.
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The Big Four
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The Big Four are the four largest international accountancy and professional services firms, which handle the vast majority of audits for publicly traded companies as well as many private companies, creating an oligopoly in auditing large companies.
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14 Points
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The Fourteen Points was a speech delivered by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe.
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Versailles Treaty and Senate Ratification
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The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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Return To Normalcy
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was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s campaign promise in the election of 1920.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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were Italian immigrants and anarchists who were accused and convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in Massachusetts. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the men were executed on August 23, 1927
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KKK in the 20's
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Shortly after the Civil War, a small group of discouraged and defeated Confederate soldiers joined together to form an organization dedicated to the traditional life of the South. Mostly, their focus was to keep the enslavement of African-Americans. Originally only engaging in prankish activities, the notoriety of the group soon spread and became violent.
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Immigration in the 20's
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In the first few years after World War I, the country experienced a brief period of antiradical hysteria known as the Red Scare.
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Union membership in the 20's
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a growing feeling against unions, together with strong pressure from employers and the government not to join union led to a sharp decline in the union membership in 1920s
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Urban Sprawl
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is a multifaceted concept, which includes the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs
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Warren Harding
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was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential newspaper publisher.
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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The Teapot Dome Scandal was an unprecedented bribery scandal and investigation during the White House administration of United States President Warren G. Harding.
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Fordney-McCumber Tariff
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also known as the Fordney McCumber Act, reflected American isolationist inclinations following World War
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Harlem Renaissance
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refers to the flowering of African American intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke.
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Scopes Trial
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Scopes and informally known as the Scopes Monkey Trial—was an American legal case in 1925 in which high school biology teacher John Scopes was accused of violating the state's Butler Act which made it unlawful to teach evolution
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Fundamentalists
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refers to a belief in a strict adherence to a set of basic principles from the bible
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Double Standard
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The term double standard, coined in 1912,[1] refers to any set of principles containing different provisions for one group of people than for another, typically without a good reason for having said difference.
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Causes of the Great Depression
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Stock Market Crash of 1929
Bank Failures Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board American Economic Policy with Europe Drought Conditions |
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Dust Bowl
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was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936
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Bonus Army
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The self-named Bonus Expeditionary Force was an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932.
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Speculation
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risk in hopes of obtaining commensurate gain
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Buying on Margin
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The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker.
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Frances Perkins
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was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet.
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Goals of the New Deal (3R's
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Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
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AAA
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration program to restore U.S. agricultural prosperity during the Great Depression.
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Grapes of Wrath
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is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers
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Appeasement
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was the policy of European democracies in the 1930s that aimed to avoid war with the dictatorships of Germany and Italy.
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Munich Pact
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was an agreement permitting Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.
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Lend-Lease
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was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.
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Atlantic Charter
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The Atlantic Charter was a published statement agreed between Britain and the United States of America. It was intended as the blueprint for the postwar world after World War II, and turned out to be the foundation for many of the international agreements that currently shape the world.
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Holocaust
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is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany
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OPA
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opa
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WPB
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War Producation Board, they decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production and allocated raw materials to key industries.
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Germany and the Soviet Union were battiling in Stalingard.
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Chinese Civil War
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The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. The war represented an ideological split between the Western-supported Nationalist KMT and the Soviet-supported Communist CPC. In the People's Republic of China the war is more commonly known as the "War of Liberation".
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D-Day
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June 6, 1944 America had an invasion on germany
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Battle of the Bulge
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Tanks drove 60 miles into allied territory. creating a bulge in the lines that gave this desperate last-ditch offensive its name.
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Douglas MacArthur
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He was a general in the Korean War.
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GI Bill of Rights
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To help ease veterans' return to civilian life, Congress passed the Servicement's Readjustment Act, aka GI Bill of Rights.
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Korean War
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On June, 25, 1950 North Korean forces swept across the 38th parrallel in a suprise attack on South Korea.
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Truman Doctrine
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In 1947, Truman asked Congress for $400 million in economic and military aid for Greece and Turkey. "It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted aubjugation by armed minorites or by outside pressures."
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Marshall Plan
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Revived European hopes. Over the next four years, 16 countried recieved some $13 billion in aid.
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Brinksmanship
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The willingness of the United States trimmed its army and navy and expanded its air force (which would deliever the bombs) and its buildup of nuclear weapons.
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Containment
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Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries
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McCarthyism
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Taking advantage of people's conerns about communism, McCarthy made one unsupported accuasation, after another. These attacks on suspected communists in the early 1950's became known as McCarthyism.
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Fair Deal
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an Extension of Roosevelt's New Deal, included proposals for nationwide system of compulsory health insurance and a crop-subsidy system to provide a steady income for farmers.
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Dixiecrats
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To protest Truman's emphasis on civil righhts, a number of Southern Democrats-who became known as Dixiecrats. They formed the states' rights Democratic Party, and nominated their own presidential candidate, Governor J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina.
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Franchise
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a company that offers similar prducts or services in many locations.
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Conglomerate
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A major corporation that includes a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries
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Baby Boom
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As soldiers returned from World War II and settled into family life, they contributed to an unprecedented population explosion.
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Planned Obsolescence
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In addition to creating new products, manufacturers began using a marketing strategy called planned obsolscence. In order to encourage consumers to purchase more goods, manufacturers proposely designed products to become obsolete. (wear out)
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JFK
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The 35th president of the United States. Since January 1961
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1960 election
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John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixion were running up against eachother.
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Hot Line
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a phoone between the white house and the kermlin, it allowed leaders of the two countries to communicate at once should another crisis arise.
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Warren Commission
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Investigated and concluded that Oswald had shot the president while acting on his own
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Medicare
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Provided hospital insurance and low-cost medical insurande for almost every American age 65 or older
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Medicaid
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An extended health insurance to welfare recipients.
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Immigration Act of 1965
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The act opened teh door for manynon-European immigrants to settle in the United States by ending quotas based on nationality
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Brown vs BOE
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A father charged the board of education, saying that they were violating his daughter Linda's rights by denying her permission to attend an all white school.
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SCLC
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Its purpose was to "carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship".
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SNCC
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It was a national protest group. They felt that things were moving to slow. They risked losing college scholarships, being expelled from college or being physically harmed.
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Black Panthers
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A group that fought police brutalitly in the ghetto, and advocated self-suffciency for African Americans communities, also full employment and decent housing.
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Betty Friedan
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Seemed to be living the American Dream. She had a loving husband, and healthy children, and a house in the suburbs. According to experts-doctors, psychologists, and women's magazines-that was all a women need to be fulfilled. In 1957, after conducting a survey of her Smith College classmates. 15 years after graduation, she found she was not alone. Friedan wrote the book "The Feminine Mystique"
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Phyllis Schlaffy
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Along with conservative religious groups, political organizations, and many anti-feminists, felt the ERA would lead to "a parade of horribles" such as the drafting of women, the end of laws protecting homemakers, the end of a husbands responsibility to provide for his family, and same-sex marriage. She said Radical feminists "hate men, marriage, and children" and were oppreesse "only in their distorted minds."
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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The Amendment then needed ratification by 38 states to become part of the Consitution. First introduced to Congress in 1923, the ERA would guarantee that both men and women would enjoy the same rights and protections under the law.
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Nisei
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Is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America, South America and Australia to specify the children born to Japanese people in the new country. The Nisei are considered the second generation; and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called Sansei.
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Atomic Bomb
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The taking of Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened the way for an invasion of Japan. Allied Leaders knew that such an invasion would become a desperate struggle. Japan still had a huge army that would defend every inch of homeland. President Truman saw only one way to avioid an invasion of Japan. He decided to use a powerful new weapon that had been developed by scientists working on the Manhattan Project-the atomic bomb.
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Black Muslims
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A group of black people studying and following the teaching of Muhammad.
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DeJure Segregation
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Segregation by law
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DeFacto Segregation
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Segregation that exists by practice and custom
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Black Muslims
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A group of black people studying and following the teaching of Muhammad.
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ARVN
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Army Of the Republic of Veitnam
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War Powers Act
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stipulated that a president must inform congress within 48 hours of sending forces into a hostile area without a declaration of war.
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Tonkin Gulf Resolution
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not a declaration of war, but permission to start launching a bomb strike on North Vietnam, requested by president Johnson
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Domino Theory
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Eisenhower explained the theory as; he likend the countries on the brink of communism to a row od dominoes waiting to fall one after another.
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Cesar Chavez
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He was trying to organize a union for Californias mostly spanish-speaking farmers, nonviolently.
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Declaration of Indian Purpose
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gave tribes greater control over their own affairs and over their childerns education.
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The Feminine Mystique
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captured the very dicontent that many women were feeling, quickly became a best seller and helped to galvanize women across the country.
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Anzio
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The entire Anzio operation was shelved on 18 December. But changes in the Mediterranean theater command structure would soon lead to its resuscitation.
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D-Day
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was the term used for the day of actual landing, which was dependent on final approval. The Normandy landings were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy
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Battle of the Bulge
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The "bulge" was the initial incursion the Germans put into the Allies' line of advance
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Atomic Bomb
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During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
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GI Bill of Rights
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was an omnibus bill that provided college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided many different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.
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Nisei
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is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America, South America and Australia to specify the children born to Japanese people in the new country
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Truman Doctrine
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The Truman Doctrine was a policy set forth by U.S. President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere
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Marshall Plan
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was the primary program, 1947–51, of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Western Europe. The initiative was named for Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials
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Chinese Civil War
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was fought between the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party of China (CPC).
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Douglas MacArthur
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was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.
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Korean War
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was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China (PRC), with air support from the Soviet Union.
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Brinksmanship
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is the practice of pushing a dangerous situation to the verge of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome.
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Containment
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was a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to temper the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect".
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McCarthyism
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is the political action of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence.
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Fair Deal
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In September 1945, United States President Harry Truman addressed Congress and presented a 21 point program of domestic legislation outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of economic development and social welfare
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Dixiecrats
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The States' Rights Democratic Party (commonly known as the Dixiecrats) was a shortlived segregationist, socially conservative political party in the United States.
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Franchise
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A form of business organization in which a firm which already has a successful product or service (the franchisor) enters into a continuing contractual relationship with other businesses (franchisees) operating under the franchisor's trade name and usually with the franchisor's guidance, in exchange for a fee.
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Conglomerate
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is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses together into one corporate structure, usually involving a parent company and several (or many) subsidiaries
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Baby Boom
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refers to the dramatic post-World War II baby boom (1946-1964). There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births
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Planned Obsolescence
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is the process of a product becoming obsolete or non-functional after a certain period or amount of use in a way that is planned or designed by the manufacturer
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JFK
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was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
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1960 election
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The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D. Eisenhower's two terms as President. Eisenhower's Vice President, Richard Nixon, who had transformed his office into a national political base, was the Republican candidate, whereas the Democrats nominated Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy.
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Hot Line
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The White House/Kremlin hotline during the Cold War, known as the red telephone, which was established on June 20, 1963, in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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Warren Commission
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The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963, by Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22
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Medicare
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health care for the aged; a federally administered system of health insurance available to persons aged 65 and over
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Medicaid
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health care for the needy; a federally and state-funded program
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Immigration Act of 1965
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In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed a bill that has dramatically changed the method by which immigrants are admitted to America. This bill is the Immigration Act of 1965. This act, also known as the Hart-Cellar Act, not only allows more individuals from third world countries to enter the US (including Asians, who have traditionally been hindered from entering America), but also entails a separate quota for refugees.
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Brown vs BOE
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was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students and denying black children equal educational opportunities unconstitutional.
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SCLC
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The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an American civil rights organization.
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SNCC
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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (conventionally pronounced /ˈsnɪk/) was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
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Black Panthers
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The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an African-American revolutionary left-wing organization working for the self-defense for black people. It was active in the United States from the mid-1960s into the 1970s.
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Black Muslims
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African-American organizations that describe themselves as Muslim
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DeJure Segregation
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segregation that is imposed by law
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DeFacto Segregation
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segregation by tradition
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War Powers Act
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was a United States Congress joint resolution providing that the President can send U.S. armed forces into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if the United States is already under attack or serious threat.
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Tonkin Gulf Resolution
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was a joint resolution of the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in response to a sea battle between the North Vietnamese Navy's Torpedo Squadron 135 and the destroyer USS Maddox on August 2, 1964
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ARVN
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The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was the land-based military forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), which existed from October 26, 1955 until the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975.
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Domino Theory
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The domino theory was a foreign policy theory during the 1950s to 1980s, promoted at times by the government of the United States, that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.
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Cesar Chavez
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was a Mexican American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
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Declaratoin of Indian Purpose
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"right to choose our own way of life" and the "responsibility of preserving of preserving our precious heritage."
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The Feminine Mystique
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is a book written by Betty Friedan, t “ignited the contemporary women's movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric of the United States and countries around the world” and “is widely regarded as one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century”.
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Betty Friedan
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was an American writer, activist and feminist.
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Phyllis Schlaffly
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is an American conservative political activist and constitutional attorney known for her opposition to feminism and the Equal Rights Amendment. Her bestselling book, A Choice, Not An Echo, was published in 1964
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Equal Rights Amendment
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The Equal Rights Amendment, first proposed in 1923 to affirm that women and men have equal rights under the law, is still not part of the U.S. Constitution.
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The New Right
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refers to two historically distinct conservative political movements.Both American New Rights are distinct from and opposed to the more moderate tradition of the so-called Rockefeller Republicans.
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