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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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externalities
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“Spillover” effects of land use for which initiator is not held accountable (traffic congestion; runoff ; smoke, gases, and particle emissions; noise; urban sprawl; disorderly extension of urban infrastructure)
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Incomplete information
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-Construction quality hidden
-Buyers unaware of structural risks of hurricanes, etc. (maximum wind tolerance of structure; safety of electrical or gas systems; fire dangers) |
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urban sprawl
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the spreading of urban developments (as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city
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comprehensive plan
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general guide to a community's future growth and development to accommodate the various needs of the community (projecting population growth, its requirements for water and other natural resources,"",,)
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concurrency requirement
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further development at the local level must be prohibited unless adequate infrastructure, schools, police and fire protection, and social services are in place when development commences
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urban service area
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boundaries are delineated
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smart growth
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package of remedies:
mixed land uses, compact building design, walkable neighborhoods, distinctive communities with strong sense of place, housing opportunities and choices for a range of household types, family size, and incomes... |
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new urbanism
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it subscribes to smart growth, but adds certain focuses. strongly advocates replacement of the car with walking, biking, and mass transportation.
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Traditional planning
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-Separated uses
-Automobile oriented -Priority placed on easy ingress and egress -Uniform density |
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Building codes
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-earliest use of police power to regulate land use
-Issues of safety Fire: Materials, alarms, electrical and gas systems Sanitation: Plumbing, water, and HVAC requirements Injury: Design and strength |
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features of traditional zoning
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-Use classifications: Residential, commercial, industrial, automotive
-Use districts (zoning map) -Setback requirements -“Bulk” or density limits (minimum lot size, height limits, maximum floor area ratios) -Special use districts: Service stations, hospitals, churches, private schools, cemeteries |
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nonconforming uses
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when zoning ordinance is revised some existing land uses then fall outside the new zoning classification. they may continue to exist, despite the change in classification,
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variance
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zoning ordinance must provide some relief mechanism for cases where the regulations impose exceptional hardship and loss of value. this relief is
-Exception to requirements due to hardship |
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exclusionary zoning
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exclude lower income groups by large lot size, or that do not adequately provide low- and moderate-income housing.
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Features of subdivision regulations
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-Standards for streets, sewers, and water systems
-Adequate water supply for fire safety -Adequate drainage and run-off retention -Open spaces -Lot layout -Easements for utilities -Traffic and pedestrian safety |
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PUD
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-Community facilities
-Mixed uses -Negotiated “contract” with land use authorities -Mixed density -No setback requirements -Open community spaces |
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performance standard
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-Runoff limits
-Noise and emission limits -Traffic limits -Tree removal restrictions |
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impact fees
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primary means that economists advocate to internalize externalities is by charging compensating fees. if development imposes externality costs on the community at large, developer should pay an impact fee
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Growth restrictions
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Temporary moratoriums(hoishluulalt)
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eminent domain
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right of government to acquire private property, without the owner's consent, for public use in exchange for just compensation. legal procedure is called condemnation
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public purpose
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in eminent domain cases, expansion by courts of the public use concept, no longer requiring actual physical use by the condemning agency to take property
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public use
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in eminent domain, requirement of actual physical use by the condemning agency to justify condemnation
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ad valorem taxes
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property tax that is applied in relation to the value of the property
-charged to property owners by each taxing jurisdiction in which the property is located. 1-4 % of property's market value |
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jurisdiction's tax rate
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established by evaluating both its budget and the value of its tax base
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Special assessments:
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: Taxes for specific public improvements affecting a property
Street, sewer, etc. Usually charged on a per front foot basis |
