Fill In The Blank Ch 3

Front 1

A sudden loud noise is likely to elicit a(n) __ response, which is a reflexive defensive response to a sudden, unexpected stimulus

Back 1

startle

Front 2

With repeated presentations of the emotional event, the b-process (increases/decreases) in both ___ and ___

Back 2

increases; strength; duration

Front 3

Seeing a wasp land on your arm and then watching it as it stings you is an example of a(n) ___ conditioning procedure; noticing the wasp at the same moment you feel the sting is an example of a(n) ___ conditioning procedure

Back 3

delayed; simultaneous

Front 4

When a subordinate dog submits to a threatening display from a dominant dog, it will often roll over onto its back and display its belly. This type of action sequence is called a(n) __, and the threatening display from the dominant dog is called the ___ stimulus or ____ for these actions.

Back 4

fixed action pattern; sign; releaser

Front 5

Classical conditioning is also known as ___ conditioning or ____ conditioning. In the latter case, the elicited behaviours are referred to as ___.

Back 5

Pavlovian; respondent; respondents

Front 6

The faint sound of a jackhammer several blocks away will likely result in ___, but the extremely loud sound of a jackhammer outside your window will result n ___. The moderately loud sound of a jackhammer half a block away may result in a period of __ followed by ___.

Back 6

habituation; sensitization; sensitization; habituation

Front 7

In general, aversive conditioning occurs ___ readily than appetitive conditioning

Back 7

more

Front 8

According to the opponent-process theory of emotion, b-processes are (slow/quick) to increase and (slow/quick) to decrease

Back 8

slow; slow

Front 9

Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paired with a puff of air to the eye. Each pairing of the click and puff during conditioning is referred to as a(n) ___

Back 9

conditioning trial

Front 10

During an eye-blink conditioning procedure, you blinked not only in response to the sound of the click, but also when someone tapped you on the shoulder. Your response to the tap on the shoulder may be indicative of ___ conditioning, which means that the elicited eye blink may be the result of __ rather than classical conditioning

Back 10

pseudo; sensitization

Front 11

Uma witnessed her boyfriend flirting with another woman. First, she experienced intense anger. Later, however, when he apologized for his actions and was very attentive toward her, she experienced unusually strong feelings of attraction toward him. An explanation for this pattern of emotional changes is provided by the __ theory of emotion. In this case, Uma's feelings of anger are an example of the ___ process, and her feelings of affection following his apology are examples of the __ process.

Back 11

opponent-process; primary (or a-); opponent (or b-)

Front 12

Behaviours that are automatically drawn out by the stimuli that precede them are referred to as ____ behaviours (or ___ behaviours)

Back 12

elicited; respondent

Front 13

When you opened the broken refrigerator yesterday, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you nauseous. Today, when you are about to open the refrigerator, you find yourself becoming nauseous, even though the refrigerator has been thoroughly cleaned. In classical conditioning terms, the refrigerator has become a(n) ___ stimulus that now elicits a(n) ___ response of nausea. In this case, the nausea produced by the sight of the refrigerator is likely to be (more/less) severe than the nausea produced by the smell of the rotten eggs.

Back 13

conditioned; conditioned; less

Front 14

The reflexive action of pulling your hand away from a hot plate is activated through a(n) ____: a neural structure underlying simple reflexes that consists of a(n) (in correct order) ____.

Back 14

reflex arc; sensory neuron; interneuron; motor neuron

Front 15

A conditioning procedure is likely to be more effective if the conditioning trials are spread (one minute/one hour) apart. This is in keeping with the what is known as the ___ effect, in which learning occurs more readily when the practice sessions are spaced (close together/far apart).

Back 15

one hour; spacing; far apart

Front 16

You finally habituate to the faint sound of a jackhammer half a block away, such that you cease to notice it. The lights in your house then go out, at which point you again notice the sound of the jackhammer. This is an example of the process of __.

Back 16

dishabituation

Front 17

Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paired with a puff of air to the eye. The puff of air is called the ___ stimulus (abbreviated ____), and the eyeblink that it elicits is called the ____ response (abbreviated __)

Back 17

unconditioned; US; unconditioned; UR

Front 18

In general, long-term habitutation is most likely to occur when the stimulus is presented at (narrowly/widely) spaced intervals; in this case, the ability to respond tends to recover (slowly/quickly) when the stimulus is no longer presented.

Back 18

widely; slowly

Front 19

When you opened the broken refrigerator yesterday, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you nauseous. In classical conditioning terms, the putrid smell is a(n) ____ stimulus that elicits a(n) ___ response of nausea

Back 19

unconditioned; unconditioned

Front 20

Inadvertently touching a hot object is likely to elicit a(n) ___ response, which is controlled through a simple sequence of neurons known as a ___

Back 20

flexion; reflex arc

Front 21

Fixed action patterns are sometimes called ___ behaviours because they are often unique to a certain species

Back 21

species-specific

Front 22

The reflexive action of a dog pricking up its ears in response to a sound is an example of a(n) ___ response, which consists of movements designed to facilitate ____.

Back 22

orienting; attending to a stimulus

Front 23

How does one calculate a suppression ratio?

Back 23

Assuming CS and pre-CS periods of equal length (e.g. 30 seconds each), divide the number of CS responses by the number of CS responses plus pre-CS responses

CS / (CS + pre-CS)

Front 24

Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paired with a puff of air to the eye. After conditioning, the click becomes a(n) ___ stimulus (abbreviated __) because it now elicits an eyeblink. The eyeblink elicited by the click is called the ____ response (abbreviated ___)

Back 24

conditioned; CS; conditioned; CR

Front 25

Dana always feels relaxed when she takes her large dog on a walk, even though the neighbourhood is relatively dangerous. This is an example of ___ conditioning, with the dog functioning as a(n) ___ CS (abbrev: ___)

Back 25

inhibitory conditioning; inhibitory; CS-

Front 26

When you opened the broken refrigerator yesterday, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you nauseous. Your later response of nausea to the sight of the refrigerator is an example of (aversive/appetitive) conditioning as well as (excitatory/inhibitory) conditioning

Back 26

aversive; excitatory

Front 27

Jared's parents always start arguing around midnight each night. As a result, he wakes up feeling anxious each night just before midnight. This is an example of ___ conditioning.

Back 27

temporal

Front 28

Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paired with a puff of air to the eye. Before conditioning, the sound of the click does not elicit an eyeblink, therefore it is considered a(n) ___ stimulus

Back 28

neutral

Front 29

In a conditioned suppression ratio, a score of ___ indicates total suppression of behaviour, while a score of around ___ indicates no suppression

Back 29

0; 5

Front 30

Ina restaurant, the parents of a noisy child hardly notice the commotion. This is an example of ___. However, the customers at neighboring tables are becoming increasingly annoyed by the child. This is an example of ___.

Back 30

habituation (or long-term habituation); sensitziation

Front 31

Brett is allergic to bee stings. He eats and drinks heartily when he is inside the restaurant, but not when he is seated on the outdoor patio surrounded by flowers. This circumstance is similar to the ___ paradigm, which is also known as the ____ (CER) procedure

Back 31

conditioned suppression; conditioned emotional response

Front 32

In an experiment involving the conditioning of an eyeblink response to the sound of a click, hearing the click and then two seconds later feeling the puff of air in your eye is an example of a(n) ___ conditioning procedure. Conversely, feeling the puff of air and then hearing the click is an example of a(n) ___ conditioning procedure. In general, the (former/latter) procedure is likely to be more effective.

Back 32

trace; backward; former