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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From which, to which, terminus are proteins made?
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N (NH2) terminus to C (COOH) terminus.
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What is the name for the enzyme that attaches amino acids to tRNA?
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Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
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What is the 'Wobble Hypothesis'?
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The idea that the 3rd base in a codon can H-bond with different bases in the anticodon
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In prokaryotes - how does the ribosome know where to start?
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There is a 'leader' strand (followed by AUG - coding for Met) at the start of the mRNA (also a trailer strand at end)
Leader strand binds to small sub unit on ribosome (16S rRNA) |
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What's special about the methionine in prokaryotes?
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It's altered to 'fMet' - this attracts white blood cells. fMet signals that an infection must be fought
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In eukaryotes - how does the ribosome know where to start translation? (3)
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Area known as 5' UTR (untranslated region).
5' cap used to identify 5' end CCACC is present before AUG (met) which is known as a Kozak sequence |
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Energy is required to attach the large sub unit of the ribosome during eukaryotic translation - what is this in the form of?
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GTP
Converts to GDP + Pi |
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What is a 'miss-sense' mutation
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One codon mutates into another - may or may not be detrimental
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What is a 'nonsense' mutation?
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Mutation causes coding for a stop codon
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What is a 'frame-shift'/'deletion' mutation
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When a base is removed and the whole frame shifts
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What is ricin?
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A molecule that prevents activation of GTPases - preventing translation.
Also: diptheria toxin |
