Fhd Skin And Epithelium

Front 1

What are the four main functions of the epithelia?

Back 1

Protection, secretion, absorption, surface transport

Front 2

What type of epithelium is the epidermis of the skin?

Back 2

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

Front 3

What are the three cell types in the skin's epidermis?

Back 3

Keratinocytes, pigment cells and epidermal macrophages

Front 4

What is keratinisation?

Back 4

An ordered process involving mitosis, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Proceeds from the basal layer upwards, giving a layered architecture to the epidermis

0005181010 - Weekend (:

Front 5

What is the nomenclature of the epidermal layers of the skin?

Back 5

Prickle, granular, keratinised, desquamating

Front 6

What is the content of the skin's epidermis? (4)

Back 6

Keratinocytes, macrophages, pigment cells, nerve endings

Front 7

What is the content of the skin's dermis? (8)

Back 7

CT, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, smooth muscle-arrector pili, blood vessels, nerve endings

Front 8

What is a sebaceous gland?

Back 8

Glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum

Front 9

What is the purpose of sebum?

Back 9

To lubricate the skin and hair of mammals

Front 10

What is the content of the skin's hypodermis? (4)

Back 10

CT, adipocytes, hair follicle roots, sweat glands

Front 11

What are the two divisions of the skin's dermis?

Back 11

Subepithelial/papillary
Deep

Front 12

What is in the papillary dermis?

Back 12

Loose CT containing MICROCIRUCLATION (nutritional blood supply to the skin) and sensory nerve endings

Front 13

What is in the deep dermis? (5)

Back 13

Fibrous CT (mainly coarse collagen and elastin bundles) with scattered fibroblasts, blood vessel plexuses (A network of nerves or vessels in the body), sensory nerve endings

Front 14

What are the eight types of epithelium?

Back 14

Simple/Stratified: Squamous, cuboidal and columnar, pseudostratified, transitional

Front 15

What are the three cell types of the pseudostratified epithelium?

Back 15

Goblet, ciliated columnar and basal

Front 16

What is the function of a goblet cell?

Back 16

To secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form mucus

Front 17

What is simple squamous epithelium located? What's a special name for it?

Back 17

It lines the lumen of blood vessels. It is called 'endothelium'.

Front 18

What does squamous mean?

Back 18

Flat

Front 19

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Back 19

The kidney medulla, in the collecting ducts

Front 20

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Back 20

Cells that line the interior surface of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 21

Columnar cells are usually highly secretory, how is their structure adapted to this? What do they secrete?

Back 21

They have a very elongated cytoplasm, capable of producing and holding a large quantity of secretory products. They secrete mucus

Front 22

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Back 22

Lumen of the oesophagus

Front 23

What is a 'strata'?

Back 23

A layer

Front 24

Epithelia *always* stands on...

Back 24

Basal Lamina

Front 25

What is the function of the basal lamina wrt epithelia?

Back 25

BL links epithelia to CT

Front 26

How is epithelium classified?

Back 26

By the shape of the outermost (luminal/superficial) cell

Front 27

What is the top part of the epithelia called? What is the bottom part called?

Back 27

Apical = Top
Basal = Bottom

Front 28

Where is stratified cuboidal found?

Back 28

Large ducts - salivary gland, sweat gland

Front 29

Stratified columnar is rare, but where is it found?

Back 29

Large ducts

Front 30

Epithelium is polar true/false

Back 30

True

Front 31

Epithelia regenerates well, however, it can undergo metaplasia as a result of this. What is metaplasia?

Back 31

Where tumours can form due to abnormal change in the nature of a tissue

Front 32

How are epithelial cells connected?

Back 32

By specialised 'junctions'

Front 33

Remember: PSEUDOstratified is just that! It looks stratified, but isn't. Where is it found?

Back 33

Mainly respiratory epithelium

Front 34

Back 34

Pseudostratified

Front 35

Back 35

Simple Columnar

Note how the top half of the cell is lightly stained (where it is full of mucus being prepared for secretion)

Front 36

Back 36

Simple cuboidal

he ducts and the thick limbs of the loops are constructed from simple cuboidal epithelium (C).
The capillaries and the thin limbs of the loops are constructed from simple squamous epithelium (S)

Front 37

Back 37

Simple Squamous (inner layer)

Front 38

Back 38

Stratified columnar

Rare - found in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx and anus, the female's uterus, the male urethra and vas deferens.

Front 39

Back 39

Stratified Cuboidal

It is commonly found in exocrine glands, where it forms the larger ducts

Front 40

Back 40

Stratified squamous

Front 41

Back 41

Transitional

Visible intercellular spaces
Small basal cells, lying closest to the basement membrane