Fhd Ecm And Connective Tissue

Front 1

What is the extracellular space?

Back 1

The space between cells of the body, it contains ECM

Front 2

What is a proteoglycan?

Back 2

Glycoproteins that are heavily glycosylated

Front 3

What is 'Glycosylation'?

Back 3

Enzymatic process that links saccharides to produce glycans, attached to proteins, lipids, or other organic molecules

Front 4

What is a 'Glycan'?

Back 4

A glycan refers to a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide

Front 5

What is an oligosaccharide?

Back 5

a saccharide polymer containing a small number of monosaccharides

Front 6

What is a glycoprotein?

Back 6

Proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains

Front 7

What type of cell synthesises ECM?

Back 7

Fibroblasts

Front 8

What is an adipocyte, and where is it found?

Back 8

A fat cell, in the ECM

Front 9

What are the three roles of adipocytes?

Back 9

1. Energy stores
2. Thermal insulators
3. Shock absorbers (protect other cells)

Front 10

What is the third group of cells found in the ECM, after adipocytes and fibroblasts?

Back 10

WBCs

Front 11

What is a lympocyte?

Back 11

A type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.

lymphocytes can be divided into large granular lymphocytes and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer cells (NK cells). Small lymphocytes consist of T cells and B cells.

Front 12

What is a macrophage? What does it do? (2)

Back 12

WBCs, produced by the differentiation of monocytes.

Phagocytose (engulf and then digest) cellular debris and pathogens

Stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to the pathogen

Front 13

What is a monocyte? What does it do?

Back 13

A WBC that
1. Replenishes resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and

2. in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly (approx. 8-12 hours) to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to elicit an immune response.

Front 14

What is a dendritic cell? What does it do?

Back 14

They are immune cells that form part of the mammalian immune system.

Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system, thus functioning as antigen-presenting cells

Front 15

What is the function of a mast cell? How do they look under the microscope?

Back 15

Secrete histamine - causes inflammatory response

Funny black dots - these are droplets of histamine

Front 16

What is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)?

Back 16

A long unbranched polysaccharide consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit.

The repeating unit consists of a hexose (six-carbon sugar) or a hexuronic acid, linked to a hexosamine (six-carbon sugar containing nitrogen)

Front 17

What does 'anaphylaxis' mean?

Back 17

An acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g., a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive

Front 18

GAGs are an important component in which tissue?

Back 18

Connective tissue

Front 19

GAG chains may be covalently linked to a protein to form...

Back 19

...proteoglycans

Front 20

ECM plus associated cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes and defence cells) =

Back 20

Connective tissue

Front 21

What is the main role of connective tissue? (3)

Back 21

To provide support for other tissues and organs

Serve as an energy reservoir (adipocytes)

Venue for defence reactions

Front 22

What are the three main molecules of the ECM?

Back 22

Fibres
Ground substance/amorphous (Without a clearly defined shape or form) component
Basal lamina

Front 23

What are the three proteins found in the fibrous part of the ECM?

Back 23

Collagen type I, III and elastin

Front 24

How is the amorphous component of the ECM formed?

Back 24

By glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteoglycans

Front 25

What is the name for the molecule that binds to water molecules giving tissue fluid the form of a gel?

Back 25

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Front 26

What are the two major components of the basal lamina?

Back 26

Laminin and collagen type IV

Front 27

What is basal lamina? What does it cover?

Back 27

A layer of extracellular matrix on which epithelium sits and which is secreted by the epithelial cells. It coats the cell membrane

It is important in ensuring the whole cell is attached to the ECM

It covers all cell membranes that face fibrous connective tissue

Also promotes cell differentiation

Front 28

What are the three fibres of the fibrous part of the ECM?

Back 28

Collagen
Reticulin (Collagen Type III)
Elastin

Front 29

What is the non-fibrous component of the ECM made of?

Back 29

Ground substance

Front 30

Where is Collagen Type I found?

Back 30

Loose CT, tendons, ligaments, bone

Front 31

Where is Collagen Type II found?

Back 31

Cartilage

Front 32

Where is Collagen type III found?

Back 32

Live, spleen, lymph nodes (AKA reticular fibres)

Front 33

Where is collagen type IV found?

Back 33

BASAL LAMINA ('or' basement membrane)

Front 34

Where is collagen type V found?

Back 34

Embryonic tissues

Front 35

What effect does vitamin C have in fibroblasts?

Back 35

It enables them to secrete the correct type of collagen