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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the coverings surrounding the kidneys
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Covered in perirenal fat
Dorsal aspect is retroperitoneal |
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What is the cranial pole of the right kidney embedded in?
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Fossa of caudate lobe of the liver
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Under which vertebrae are the kidneys found?
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Last few thoracic and first few lumbar vertebrae
Right kidney usually one vertebra higher (more cranial) |
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Which blood vessel crosses the adrenal gland?
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Phrenicoabdominal vein
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What is found at the craniolateral part of the left kidney?
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Pancreas, dorsal and medial surface of spleen, greater curvature of the stomach
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What does the left kidney come into contact with in the bitch and the male?
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The bitch: descending colon and mesovarium
Male: descending colon and ascending duodenum |
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In which animal are the left and right kidneys symmetrical?
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Pig, sometimes cat
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In which animals is the left kidney two vertebrae lower than the right?
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Ruminants
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What is the renal sinus?
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Contains the ureter and blood vessels
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What is the outermost layer of the kidney and what is it composed of?
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Fibrous capsule - connective tissue and smooth muscle
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What are the layers of the kidney parenchyma?
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Cortex
Corticomedullary junction Medulla Papilla Pelvis |
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What makes up the cortex?
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Renal corpuscle, PCT, DCT, stroma
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What makes up the corticomedullary junction?
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Renal corpuscle, medullary ray
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What makes up the medulla?
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Loops of Henle, vasa recta, collecting ducts
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What makes up the renal papilla?
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Collecting ducts, stroma
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What makes up the renal pelvis?
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Proximal end of ureter
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Describe the differences in external gross anatomy of the kidney between species
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Cat - ovoid, prominent capsular veins
Dog - bean-shaped, irregular surface Sheep - same, smooth regular surface Pig - elongated, pale, dorsoventrally flattened Horse - left kidney heart-shaped, right kidney bean-shaped Ox - external lobulation of 18-25 lobes |
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Which species have unipyramidal kidneys?
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Cats, rodents
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Which species have modified unipyramidal kidneys?
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Dogs, sheep, horse, camel
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Which species have multipyramidal kidneys?
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Ox, pig
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What are the differences between pig/human and ox kidneys?
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Pig/human - internal lobulation with no external lobulation
complete fusion of cortex and partial fusion of medulla Ox - no renal pelvis cortex and medulla completely divided |
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In the ox, which kidney's location is more variable?
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Left kidney - more pendulous
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Relate the right kidney to the left kidney in the horse
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Right kidney - strongly fixed by hepato-renal ligament
Left kidney - through suspensory ligament of spleen to crus of diaphragm |
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Describe the innervation of the kidney
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Splanchnic nerve (vagus nerve) and celiac ganglion
Aorticorenal nerve Sympathetic celiacomesenteric plexus |
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What do the renal nerves innervate?
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Tunica media of arterial walls
Kidney tubules Musculature of renal pelvis |
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Name the type of arteries
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1 - interlobar
2 - arcuate 3 - interlobular |
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Describe the blood flow through the kidneys
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Aorta
Renal artery Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent arterioles Glomerulus (capillaries) Efferent arterioles Cortex: Capsular plexus Stellate vein Interlobular vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein Corticomedullary junction and medulla: Peritubular plexus Vasa recta Straight vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein |
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What is the renal crest?
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Fused renal papillae form thickened part in roof of renal pelvis
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What are the divisions between the medulla called in dogs and sheep?
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Renal recesses
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What are terminal recesses and in which animal are they found?
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Thin-walled processes of renal pelvis collecting urine from the papillary ducts
Horse |
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What are the ligaments of the bladder?
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2 lateral ligaments
Median ligament Round ligament |
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What are the 3 parts of the bladder?
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Apex
Body Neck |
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What is the ureterovesicular ostium?
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Opening of the ureter near the neck of the bladder
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What is the internal urethral ostium?
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Opening of initial part of urethra into bladder
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What is the trigone?
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Dorsal, thickened part between the two ureterovesicular ostiua and internal urethral ostium
Becomes urethral crest over urethra |
