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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The instrument cross check uses only ____ for references
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Instruments
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Composited cross check uses what 2 things
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Outside visual references and instruments
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What type of corrections should be used in order to perform flight maneuvers with skill and precisions
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small positive corrections
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Explain the control and performance method of flying
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When you are flying on instruments you will control the aircraft attitude and power setting to produce the desired aircraft performance
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Three basic categories of instruments are
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Control, Performance, Navigation
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What do the control instruments display
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immediate attitude and power indications
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Control instrument fun fact!!
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Control instruments are calibrated to permit attidue and power adjustments in definite amounts
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What are the control instruments in the T-6A
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EADI and PEDD
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What do the performance instruments indicate
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The actual performance of the aircraft
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The basic performance instruments are
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Airspeed indicator, Altimeter, VSI
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Other performance instruments that will improve your skills are
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AOA, AOA indexer, Turn and bank indicator, EHSI
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Other skills that are useful
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Numchuck skills, bow staff skills, etc
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What two things do you use to make attitude and power changes on the control instruments
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Flight controls and PCL
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Pitch and bank control is maintained by reference to
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EADI
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Power control is maintain by reference to the
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PEDD
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If you have an incorrect setting on one of the control instruments it will be seen where
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On one or more of the performance instruments
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What will the VSI and altimeter show you is incorrect
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Pitch setting
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What instrument provides the 1st indication of an incorrect pitch setting
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VSI (it is a trend instrument)
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If you don't maintain wings level where will it be seen
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on the EHSI
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An incorrect power setting will be seen where
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the Airspeed indicator, but also on the VSI and altimeter if left uncorrected
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The procedural steps for the control and performance concept are
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Establish, trim, cross-check, adjust
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When you are cross checking instruments after establishing attitude and power what are you looking for
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ensuring the attitude and power setting you set are giving you the desired aircraft performance
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One method of cross checking is called the ____ and ___ method
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hub and spoke
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Using the hub and spoke cross check method where do you spend most of your time looking
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EADI and you cross check one performance instrument at a time
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During a turn your cross check changes and the ____ becomes important
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EHSI
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when looking at your EHSI what are you waiting to see before you do something - weird question I know
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lead point and roll out heading
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When descending (or climbing for that matter) what would be important to loook at
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Altimeter and VSI - the increase in importance in your scan
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Composite cross check definition
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2 step process of achieving an attitude by aligning part of the aircraft with a landmark or environment and verifying the aircraft has attained the desired position by cross check performance instruments
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Important to do this for every flight (bodies orientaition in cockpit)
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sit at the same height
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Composite cross check fun fact
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Setting and maintaining bank angles by aligning cockpit references with the horizon is one of the fundamentals of composite flight
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In place of your EADI you should
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use composite references
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How would you fly straight and level
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Set attitude reference and cross check your performance instruments
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To maintain coordinated flight you should
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step on the ball
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In a cross wind situation if you fly straight at a point you are
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homing
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Adjusting your heading to fly a straight ground track is
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crabbing (what Burt has…twice)
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how much should you crab
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1* for every 3 knots of cross wind
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What would cause a heading deviation
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not keeping wings level and not keeping the ball centered
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Rule of thumb for making a heading correction
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less than 30* use bank angle = to the number of degrees off, more than 30* use 30* of bank
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Altitude deviation will be seen on the
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Altimeter but the VSI will move before you see a significant change - don’t chase the VSI
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Airspeed deviations will show us on the ____ and are caused by the _____
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airspeed indicator, incorrect power setting
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If an incorrect airspeed is seen you should cross check what other instruments and why (besides the airspeed indicator)
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VSI and altimeter because you may be climbing or descending
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At cruise speeds you notice you are 300 ft off how would you correct
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use 2* of pitch
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If you are on altitude but slow its probably because of a
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incorrect power setting
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What does trim do
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relieves stick pressure (balances the aerodynamic forces)
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When you change airspeed you will always need to
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change trim
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Proper trim will allow you to fly
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"hands off"
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How should trim be applied
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in short bursts
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how would you apply alieron trim
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release the stick for a second and see it the aircraft starts to roll
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How do you recognize imprropper trim settings
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holding pressure on stick or notice a climb or descent
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incorrect yaw trim is apparent on the
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turn and slip indicator
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incorrect roll trim is indicated by
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difficulty maintaining heading
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In what order should you apply trim
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Rudder, elevator, aileron - REA
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Anytime you are turning you need more ___ to keep level. This increrases ____ which would do what to aircraft speed. As a result you should add ____ to maintain airspeed
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lift, drag, power
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Turning fun fact
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level 60* bank at 160 kts requireds 60% torque
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how do you determine when to roll out
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use 1/3 of bank angle
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When coming out of turns make sure to reduce the
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power
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Two types of climbs are
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normal rate and best rate
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For the test we normally climb at 160 KIAS
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TRUE
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Two types of descents are
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Constant airspeed descent and constant rate descent
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For a constant airspeed descent how do you maintain airspeed
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by adjusting pitch , power is normally fixed - max range descent is an example
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for a constant rate descent you will varry
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pitch and power an ILS final approach is an example
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The PAT principle stands for what and helps you make smooth, continuous corrections
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Power, Alttitude, Trim - Lead with power changes and set your pitch attitude then trim off stick pressure, now cross check and recheck everything
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Signicant climbs use what power setting, under 1000 ft what power setting could be used
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MAX, reduced
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Steep descents arent appropriate for all circumstances so you should descend how
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with moderate rates of descent and pitch
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For a constant airspeed climbing turn your pitch attidue will be lower than a straight climb because
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the lift vector has to turn you too
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for a constant airspeed descending turn your pitch attitude will be lower because
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the lift vector has to turn you too
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in a descent the steeper the bank the
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more rapidly you will descend
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Lead point for climb or descent is
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10% of VSI
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During steep descents (greater than 6*) it’s a good idea to cut your pitch attitude in half about ____ ft above your level off
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1000ft
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The larger the power change the larger the pitch and trim will change
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Fun fact
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How do you trim for accelerations and power changes
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Acceleration - left/down, power addition - right/down, deceleration - right/up, power reduction - left up
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Before you talk on the radio you should
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pause and listen, think about what youll say, keep call clear and concise
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Radio calls should follow a basic structure of
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Who, Yyou, what
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What radio calls must be acknowledged
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radio frequency changes, heading, altitude, altimeter, when you acknowlege a new altitude assignment include current altitude
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Transpnder codes
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7700 - emergency, 7600 - radio failure, 7500 - hijack, 1200 - vfr
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The best method for clearing traffic is
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See and Avoid
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What is the greatest danger when you see an object in the windscreen
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If it appears stationary - head on course
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How long does it take your eyes to visually accommodate
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2-3 seconds
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Empty field myopia is
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tendanacy for eyes to automatically focus at about 9 ft
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Binocular vision is
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mind ignoring things you don’t see with both eyes
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Our eyes have a narrow field of vision which allows us to see
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15* area
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Haze creates what type of sight problem
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Empty field myopia
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Glare is a problem
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yes it is, makes it hard to see things because its painful to stare into the sun
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A lack of contrast will make it
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hard to see and object
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What is the area most mid airs happen in relative to the aircraft
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60* to either side and 10* up and down the nose (critical area)
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How should you scan for traffic
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pause for 2-3 seconds, search 20* at a time, focus on a point in the horizon (to avoid myopia), cover the critical area
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How does atc call out traffic
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with a "clock" position
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Who is responsible for clearing traffic
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both pilots
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Where should you clear when maneuvering
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Climbing - ahead and up, Descending - ahead and down, Turning - in direction of the turn
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Adhering to established ground tracks can help
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prevent traffic conflicts
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