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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define. Feudalism
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500 Middle Ages- 110 Dark Ages
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Middle Ages
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500 the decline of Rome- 1400 the rebirth or renaissance of culture, learning, art and science- hidden, saved, or preserved the Roman church
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where was the treaty of verdun?
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Western Europe
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What caused the treaty of Verdun?
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weak culture, economy, and no law and order
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who were the invaders of Western Europe?
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vikings
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where do the vikings attack first and what to the people do in response?
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towns- the people moved to the country thinking they'd be safer
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what is Europe vulnerability with its rulers?
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weak kings who need protection and land
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feudalisms effects
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social (new system & the way and where people live), political, and economic (governing, protection, and keeping order)
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name of The land Lords give to importat vassals to gain loyalty and protection
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FIEF
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another name for king and another name for nobles below him
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lord, vassals
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When things get complex what comes about?
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Leige Lord
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Define Leige Lord.
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group your more Loyal to which is who you fight when you have the more money and two groups are trying to fight you
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Land with loyalty and order where all the people lived- totally self-suffient, THE economic unit with housing, farming, and shops to fix things
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The Manor
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What is in The Manor?
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castle, fields, homes for those who worked on the fields, a church, shops, and a source of water
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crop rotation & fallow
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put things in all units except one & one section left not farmed
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people who worked on the fields in The Manor
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Serfs
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reasons for decline of Feudalism
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rise of power of kings and re-growth of towns b/c of increase in trade
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what did the Catholic church have and who ruled it?
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education, culture, and wealth - pope
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pope
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governs the papal states and becomes not only a religious leader but a secular leader
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Church laws with caused the creation of Church courts (Truce of God)
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Canon Laws
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2 kinds of punishment with Canon Laws
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excommunication (one person is completely broken off) and interdict (everyone is punished for what the religious leader did
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who appoints bishops?
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Lay investiture
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Pope Gregory the VII
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was appointing bishops upseting the kings
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What is the main cause of Feudalism dieing?
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Crusades
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who ruled the Byzantine Empire?
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Alexius I
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who invaded the Byzantine Empire?
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Seljuk Turks who were Muslims
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what did Alexius I ask of the pope
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to help him fight the Muslims since they're both Christian
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what were the Muslims doing to the Christians Holy Land in the Middle East
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limiting the number of Christians who could pilgramige there because they thought it was Holy to them too
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Pope Urban II
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Clermont 1095 calls on Western Europeans to help Alexius fight and save the Holy Land- "God wills it"
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what was the fight pope urban helped alexius with called?
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Crusade War (CRUX-cross)- war of the cross
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Why did Pope Urban help Alexuis
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would reunite W. & E. with him as ruler, religious reasons, Holy land is in Christian control, got Christians to stop fighting eachothers and start fighting Muslims, wealth, honor religion (you'll go to heaven), social status, adventure, and land for younger sons
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goal of 7 Crusades
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to save the hold land and help byzantine Empire- all started by a pope
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first crusade was started by who?
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Urban II
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third Crusade was started by who?
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"The Crusade of the three kings"- Frederick Barbarossa led rome, Augustus led French, and Richard led English
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what happened in the 4th crusade?
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did opposite of what it was supposed to do and attacked and destroyed Constantinople
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Who led the 7th Crusade and what happened?
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Louis XI - they tried their hardest to do what was right, failed, but left a large impact on Europe
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who appoints bishops?
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Lay investiture
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Pope Gregory the VII
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was appointing bishops upseting the kings
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What is the main cause of Feudalism dieing?
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Crusades
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who ruled the Byzantine Empire?
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Alexius I
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who invaded the Byzantine Empire?
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Seljuk Turks who were Muslims
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what did Alexius I ask of the pope
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to help him fight the Muslims since they're both Christian
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what were the Muslims doing to the Christians Holy Land in the Middle East
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limiting the number of Christians who could pilgramige there because they thought it was Holy to them too
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Pope Urban II
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Clermont 1095 calls on Western Europeans to help Alexius fight and save the Holy Land- "God wills it"
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what was the fight pope urban helped alexius with called?
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Crusade War (CRUX-cross)- war of the cross
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Why did Pope Urban help Alexuis
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would reunite W. & E. with him as ruler, religious reasons, Holy land is in Christian control, got Christians to stop fighting eachothers and start fighting Muslims, wealth, honor religion (you'll go to heaven), social status, adventure, and land for younger sons
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goal of 7 Crusades
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to save the hold land and help byzantine Empire- all started by a pope
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first crusade was started by who?
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Urban II
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third Crusade was started by who?
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"The Crusade of the three kings"- Frederick Barbarossa led rome, Augustus led French, and Richard led English
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what happened in the 4th crusade?
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did opposite of what it was supposed to do and attacked and destroyed Constantinople
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Who led the 7th Crusade and what happened?
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Louis XI - they tried their hardest to do what was right, failed, but left a large impact on Europe
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who appoints bishops?
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Lay investiture
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Pope Gregory the VII
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was appointing bishops upseting the kings
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What is the main cause of Feudalism dieing?
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Crusades
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who ruled the Byzantine Empire?
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Alexius I
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who invaded the Byzantine Empire?
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Seljuk Turks who were Muslims
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what did Alexius I ask of the pope
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to help him fight the Muslims since they're both Christian
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what were the Muslims doing to the Christians Holy Land in the Middle East
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limiting the number of Christians who could pilgramige there because they thought it was Holy to them too
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Pope Urban II
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Clermont 1095 calls on Western Europeans to help Alexius fight and save the Holy Land- "God wills it"
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what was the fight pope urban helped alexius with called?
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Crusade War (CRUX-cross)- war of the cross
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Why did Pope Urban help Alexuis
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would reunite W. & E. with him as ruler, religious reasons, Holy land is in Christian control, got Christians to stop fighting eachothers and start fighting Muslims, wealth, honor religion (you'll go to heaven), social status, adventure, and land for younger sons
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goal of 7 Crusades
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to save the hold land and help byzantine Empire- all started by a pope
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first crusade was started by who?
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Urban II
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third Crusade was started by who?
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"The Crusade of the three kings"- Frederick Barbarossa led rome, Augustus led French, and Richard led English
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what happened in the 4th crusade?
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did opposite of what it was supposed to do and attacked and destroyed Constantinople
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Who led the 7th Crusade and what happened?
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Louis XI - they tried their hardest to do what was right, failed, but left a large impact on Europe
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what caused trade to grow for the growth of towns when Feudalism ended?
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French Fair at Troyes
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what caused a change in the economy when Feudalism ended?
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new class, rise of middle class, deep religious dislike, and R.C. church grew in power with strong popes
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what caused world view changes?
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new weapons
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why were cities walled after Feudalism?
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to build up the city but many fires were started so guilds were created
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what are guilds?
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unions with set prices, controlled membership, and social clubs. they taught- apprentice and when complete was a journeyman
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Charter
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ruler says ok and rules for that
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What financial reason is Feudalism ending?
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Banks are growing
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where are towns growing?
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Flanders and northern Italy b/c come out of ports by the adriatic sea which became the key trading center
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the growth of Monarchs caused what?
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Britain is attacked by Romans and then when Roman Army eventually leaves Britain is vulnerable for another attack
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Who attacks Britain after Romans do?
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Angles and Saxons- Angle-Saxon invasion
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when angles and saxons join what is there land called and what are their people called?
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angle-land (England) and Saxons
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who was the Saxons leader who made a critical mistake and what was it?
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King Edward the Confessor who had no heirs
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who were the two men who claimed the throne after King Edward?
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Henry and William Duke of Normandy
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what battle came about because of Henry and Wm's fight and when?
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1066- Battle of Hastings
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who won and what title did he gain?
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Wm- Wm the conqueror
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with Wm in rule upperclass are called?
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Normans- French
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Wm's rule- lowerclass are called?
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Saxons- Old English
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Wm's rule normans and saxons dont get along and it takes them a long time to do what?
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unite as a single unit speaking a single language becoming eng. speaking middle eng.
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what book did Wm write and what was it about?
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Domesday Book accounting everything that happened and is in England so he knows what he can tax
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part of the Eng. terr. was in Fr. What did the Eng. do to get the land in Fr.?
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marry French women
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Terr. in France controlled by English kings?
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Angevin Empire
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how do the Fr. get the land back from the English?
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many hundreds of years of war
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what is the family name after Wm dies?
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Plantagenet
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Henry II
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does some things in Legal Field, and creates common law including all people, Jury of peers, and gets involved in church vs. state
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Thomas a Becket
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good friend of Henry II
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what does Henry II appoint Thomas a Becket as and why
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Archbishop of Canterbury (The highest church official in England)b/c the archbishop in England died
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What does Henry do to Thomas?
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Has him murdered because he is more loyal to the church than he is to Henry & becomes St. Thomas a Becket
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King John signed what and when?
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Magna Carta (an attempt to limit the kings power) 1215
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what was the effect of the Magna Carta?
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british legislature is formed- Parliment
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2 houses in parliment
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house of Lords and Commons
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