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57 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What is the small opening just posterior of the umbilical cord that serves as both the genital and urinary systems in the fetus?
urogenital opening
what distiguishes male from female fetal pigs? how to identify?
females have urogenital papilla
males have penis under skin
What are the small external ears on the pig?
Pinnae
Most veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart while arteries carry oxygenated blood away. Exeptions?
Postnatal Pigs
Pulmonary vein = oxygenated
Pulmonary artery = deoxygenated

Prenatal pigs
umbilical vein = oxy
umb art = deoxy
hard palate
roof of mouth front
soft palate
roof of mouth back
pharynx
where food and respiratory canals cross. leads to soar throat
epigolottis
directs food to esophagus, blocks larynx
glottis
opening which is the entrance to a passageway to the lungs
esophagus
leads to stomach. DORSAL of the trachea
larynx
the voicebox. protection of the trachea and sound production.
trachea
takes air to lungs. the ridged tube. splits into two bronchi which subdivide into many bronchioles and terminate as alveoli (actual respitory surface). LOOK AT SLIDE FOR LUNG ALVEOLI
mandibular gland
only easily visible salivary gland. just ventral (belly-side) of the pinnae (ears). "used chewing gum."
Umbilical cord
Umbilical vein = nutrients from placentia directly to fetus' LIVER (attaches to liver)

Umbilical artery = carries waste out
Liver
Big crazy looking thing.
Many biochemical functions.
Inflammation = hepatitis.
Bile emulsifies fats. Bile not an enzyme b/c not a protein.
hepa- relates to liver.
Gall bladder
Underside of right lobe of liver. Greenish, flattened, small sac. Connets liver to the duodenum. Passes liver to duodenum to emulsify fats and neutralize pH.
stomach
dorsal to liver. esophagal sphincter joins stomach and esophagus. pyloric sphincter joins stomach and duodenum (first part of small intestine). HCl and pepsin enzyme.
spleen
attached to the stomach. fisters the blood and supplies white blood cells. relatively small on pig's left
pancreas
Gland. produces many digestive enzymes and pH neutralizing sodium bicarbonate. produces hormones (insulin and glucogon). Light colored and relatively big. dorsal to stomach.
small intestine
three parts (in order) duodenum, jejunum, ilieum. lined with VILLI with MICROVILLI to max surface area for absorption. LOOK AT SLIDE!!!
large intestine
contains LOTS of bacteria that produce vitamins. absorbs them. stores and discards of waste with rectum and anus.
Thymus
gland in chest ventral side heart. produce lymphocytes for immune system. more used chewing gum appearance
Thyroid
secretes hormone thyroxin which regulates metabolic rates. just posterior (towards tail) to the larynx (voicebox) small and purply brown.
Lungs
in fetus, compact and firm instead of spongy.
diaphragm
radial muscles that regulates breathing through contracting. separates thrax from abdomen.
Kidneys
filters waste (like urea) for excretion. also regulates homeostasis by blood pH adjustments. reddesh organs on dorsal walls. NEPHRONS chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
two portions of the kidneys (cortex is outside and medulla is inside). LOOK AT SLIDE FOR KIDNEY
Adrenal gland
creates important hormones like adreneline. located right on the kidney.
renal helium
the depression in the kidney where the URETER, RENAL ARTERY and RENAL VEIN enter the kidney.
Ureters
they carry waste from both kidneys to the URINARY BLADDER, the out through the URETHRA
Ovaries
eggs produced. small, light colored structures on females. will be paired.
Oviduct
tiny coils. fertilization of the egg occurs here. and pass to uterus.
Uterus
split into UTERINE HORNS that connect to oviducts. it's where the little piggies hang out as fetuses
Penis
still part of the abdominal wall in fetus
vasa deferentia
connets testes to urethra by passing over the ureters
testes
small reddish structures within a white, long, transparent, bulbous structure. produce testosterone. supplied with blood through spermatic vein.
epididymis
temporary storage of sperm before going to vas deferens
Cowper's gland, prostate gland and seminal vesicles
fluids from these structures combine with sperm to create semen. cg = spongy near penis. pg = small dark at joining of vas diferentia, sv = small ligth near ph
heart
four chambers: R/L ventrical, R/L atrium

collect de-oxygenated blood, in the right atrium, from the body and pump it, via the right ventricle, into the lungs. The left side collects oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium. From the left atrium the blood moves to the left ventricle which pumps it out to the body.
pulmonary trunk
devides into pulmonary arteries. large light colored vessel attached to anterior of heart.
aorta
thick light colored vessel attached to middle of heart.
anterior vena cava
thin-walled dark colored vessel on pig's right-anterior of heart. from head and upper torso. empties deox blood into heart.
posterior vena cava
vessel on posterior of heart. from lower torso. empties deox blood into heart.
ductus arteriosus
ONLY in the fetus. closes off after. connects aorta to pulmonary arteries
foramen ovale
Only in the fetus. allows blood to pass from right to left of heart.
coronary artery
first branch from aorta. on surface of heart
brachiocephalic artery
branches from aorta. supplies blood to front legs and head. split into the right and left CAROTID ARTERIES (head), and riight and left SUBCLAVIAN arteries (front legs)
Iliac arteries / veins
arteries branch from the aorta to supply blood to back legs. veins join the posterior vena cava.
umbilical arteries
branch from aorta. carry blood from the fetus to camillaries in the placenta.
renal arteries
branch from the aorta to the kidnies
anterior mesenteric artery
provide pancreas and small intestine with blood. anterior to renal arteries.
coeliac artery
short vessel. branches off aorta to supply stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen

SEE PAGE 31/32 for diagram for all!!!!!
jugular veins
drain the head of blood. empties into anterior vena cava
subclavian arteries / veins
arteries supply front limbs with blood. vein drain front limbs of blood, empties into anterior vena cava.
hemiazygous vein
drains from the chest wall. parellel with aorta.
large hepatic portal vein
does NOT empty into the posterior vena cava. runs parallel to it. straight from LIVER to HEART
hepatic veins
hidden within the liver and empty directly into the vena cava then back to heart. DONT CONFUSE THESE TWO!!
Pituitary
gland. small. base of BRAIN. regulates many bodily functions. The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis. stimulates other endocrine glands. It is functionally connected to the hypothalamus.