Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
In fetal circulation, which atrium has higher pressure?
|
Right
|
|
|
In fetal circulation, oxygenation takes place in the ?
|
Placenta
|
|
|
What 5 anatomic structures are in fetal circulation that are not in neonates?
|
- Umbilical vein
- Umbilical arteries - Ductus Venosus - Foramen Ovale - Ductus Arteriosus |
|
|
The umbilical vein carries O2 and nutrients through the ______ to _____.
|
Liver, IVC
|
|
|
The ductus venosus shunts blood through the ______ to _____.
|
Liver, IVC
|
|
|
The foramen ovale shunts blood from the ______ to the ________. Bypassing?
|
- Right atrium to the left atrium
- Lungs |
|
|
The ductus arteriosus shunts blood to the ________, because pressure is greater on the ______.
|
- descending aorta
- right atrium |
|
|
What do the umbilical arteries do?
|
Return deoxygenated blood to the placenta
|
|
|
Why do fetal shunts close?
|
In response to pressure changes in systemic and pulmonary circulations and increase in blood O2 content
|
|
|
The foramen ovale closes within how many hrs after birth? What does this closure do to circulation?
|
- 18 hours
- Increases pulmonary venous return and decreased IVC return |
|
|
The ductus arteriosus constricts within how many hrs after birth? What does this do to circulation?
|
- 10-15 hrs
- Increases systemic arterial blood O2 saturation |
|
|
Hypoxemia is?
|
Severely reduced blood O2 levels
|
|
|
Hypoxemia results from?
|
- Respiratory distress
- Poor tissue perfusion - Ventilatory failure - Severe lung injury |
|
|
Hypoxemia sign and symptoms are?
|
- Cyanosis
- Polycythemia - Clubbing (late sign) - Squatting (knee to chest position) - CNS: brain abscesses, thrombosis, stroke |
|
|
When does clubbing occur in an infant that has hypoxemia?
|
After 6 months of age
|
|
|
What is the nursing care for a child with hypoxemia and cyanosis?
|
- Position
- Montior V/S, O2 sat, and LOC - O2 as needed - Respiratory emergency equipment at bedside - Monitor H& H |
|
|
Congestive heart failure is?
|
The inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation.
|
|
|
What is the main S/S of CHF in children?
|
Tachycardia
|
|
|
What is the goal in management of CHF?
|
Decrease cardiac workload and improve cardiac output
|
|
|
What three drugs would be given to a child with CHF
|
- Diuretics
- Digoxin - ACE inhibitors |
|
|
What does digoxin do for the heart? what should you assess before giving it?
|
- Improve contractility
- Apical pulse |
|
|
Give an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?
|
Spironolactone
|
|
|
What effect do ACE inhibitors have on the heart? what should you assess before giving it?
|
- Reduce afterload
- Check B/P |
|
|
What are some nursing care for a child with CHF?
|
- Monitor V/S : hypotension= renal dysfunction
- Elevate HOB - Small, frequent meals for infants - Monitor I & O - Daily weights - Check for edema - Watch activity - Teach parents CPR |
