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25 Cards in this Set

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What happens in the absence of the SRY gene?
Primordial cells develop into oogonia
What separates oogonia from spermatogonia in terms of developmental plan.
Oogonia proliferate (7Mc) and then loose mitotic potential. Spermatogonial maintain mitotic potential throughout adulthood.
Could PGCs form teratomas?
Yes
What are teratomas?
Benign tumors containing cells of multiple lineages. Probably formed by PGCs that do not remain in GR.
What aspect of PGCs enable them to form teratomas?
Pluripotency -> multiple lineages
Briefly descripe spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium (2n-46)-> 1o Spermatocyte (2N-46)-> 2o Spermatocyte (N-23) -> Spermatids (N-23) -> Spermatozoids (N-23)
What role do Sertoli cells play?
Supportive; protective barrier and nutrient supply
Where is the glycoprotein coat added?
Epidydimis
What is capacitation?
Refers to the biochemical changes occurring in the sperm that enable it to fertilize the egg.
Where does it occur?
In the female reproductive tract.
Briefly list the steps of oogenesis
Oogonium (2N-46,m) -> 1o Oocyte (2N-46,me1-long) -> 2o Oocyte (N-23,me2-metII-fert) -> Ovum (N-23)
How does LH surge affect the follicle?
-Increase hyaluronan -> swelling
- MMP degrade surrounding tissue causing rupture of follicle
What can we learn by the presence of polar bodies?
Developmental stage of oocyte. [Remember germ cell produces a single mature oocyte]
Why are polar bodies smaller?
Uneven distribution of cytoplasm b/w polar bodies and mature oocytes.
Where is fertilization most like to occur?
Ampullary region of Fallopian tube.
When does cleavage occur?
~1 day
When does the morula form?
~ 3 days
When does the blastocyst form?
~ 4 days
When does implantation occur?
~ 6 days
Give the timeline of fertilization to implantation
Fertilzation -> Cleavage (D1) -> Morula (D3) -> Blastocyst (D4) -> Implantation (D6)
Name the layers of the mature ovum
Corono radiata
Zona pellucida (ZP-1,2,3)
Plasma membrane (Cortical granules loctated underneath)
How do sperm navigate to the mature ovum?
Progesterone release by the corona radiata direct sperm; Triggers Ca2+ entry. Receptor - CatSper2
What happens when sperm cells meet the egg?
- Penetration of corona
- Binding to ZP3 activating acrosome.
- Zona rxn by sperm binding to egg PM -> Ca2+ release -> cortical granule release.
- Sperm processing
- Pronucleus formation
What initiates the acrosome rxn?
Sperm head binding to ZP-3
What is the purpose of the Ca2+ release -> cortical granule release after the sperm reaches the egg PM?
Blocks entry of other sperm cells. (Inh polyspermy)