Female Reproductive System

Front 1

Female reproductive system
(major parts)

Back 1

Ovaries
oogenesis
uterine (fallopian) tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva (pudendum) or ext. female genitalia
mammary glands

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Ovaries

Back 2

produce secondary oocytes and hormones, including progesterone and estrogens (female sex hormone), inhibin, and relaxin

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Ovaries
(location)

Back 3

one on either side of the uterus
descend to the brim of the sup. portion of the pelvic cavity during the third month of development.

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Support (ligaments) of ovaries

Back 4

Mesovarium
Ovarian ligaments
Suspensory ligaments

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Mesovarium

Back 5

attaches ovaries to broad ligament of uterus

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Ovarian ligaments

Back 6

attach ovaries to uterus

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Suspensory ligaments

Back 7

attach ovaries to pelvic wall

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Hilus

Back 8

Each ovary contains the point of entrance and exit for blood vessels and nerves along which the mesovarium is attached

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Germinal epithelium

Back 9

sprout or bud
a layer of simple epithelium that covers the surface of the ovary. continuous w/ mesothelium that covers the mesovarium
is a misnomer

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Tunica albuginea

Back 10

a whitish capsule of dese, irr. conn. tisure immediately deep to the germinal epithelium

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Stroma of ovaries

Back 11

Cortex
Medulla

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Cortex

Back 12

contains ovarian follicles

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Medulla

Back 13

deep to ovarian cortex
middle layer

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Ovarian follicles

Back 14

consist of oocytes (immature ova) and their surrounding tissues

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Primordial follicles

Back 15

consists of "primary oocytes" and a layer of squamous epithelium epithelial cells

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atretic follicles

Back 16

many primordial follicles degenerate before birth

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Primary follicles

Back 17

consist of "primary oocytes" and a layer of cuboidal epithelial (follicle) cells

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Primordial follicles

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at puberty, some primordial follicles respond to F.S.H. each month and form primary follicles

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Secondary (growing) follicles

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consist of "secondary oocytes" and several layers of epithelial (follicular) cells

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Vesicular ovarian (graafian) follicles or mature follicles

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contain secondary oocytes that will eventually be released

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Corpus hemorrhagicum

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refers to the blood clot formed within the collapsed graafian follicle

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Corpus luteum (yellow body)

Back 22

secretes hormones

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Corpus albicans (white body)

Back 23

remains of once-functional corpus luteum

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Oogenesis

Back 24

formation of gametes in ovaries
begins in females before they are even born
meiosis takes place and the resulting germ cells undergo maturation

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in the ovaries

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Oogenesis
(LOCATION)

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Oogenesis
(FUNCTION)

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Formation and development of female gametes

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Primary oocytes

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first appear in primordial follicles

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Secondary oocytes

Back 28

are derived from primary oocytes and reporesent the end products of meiosis I (reduction division)

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First polar body

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derived from primary oocyte
represents discarded genetic material may or may not divide during meiosis II (equatorial division)

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Ovum

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is derived from primary oocyte
is the mature egg and end product of meiosis II (equatorial division)

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Meiosis II

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occurs in the secondary oocyte - is initiated - only if sperm penetration occurs

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Secondary polar body

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derived from the secondary oocyte
is the end product of meiosis II
represents discarded genetic material

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Uterine (fallopian) tubes

Back 33

transports secondary oocytes and fertilized ova from the ovaries to the uterus

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Uterine (fallopian) tubes
(LOCATION)

Back 34

extend laterally from uterus
lies btwn. the folds of broad ligaments of the uterus

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Uterine (fallopian) tubes
(LENGTH)

Back 35

ap. 4"

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Structure of Uterine (fallopian) tubes

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Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

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Fimbriae

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Infundibulum
(Structure)

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Infundibulum

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funnel shaped porion of each tube is close to the ovary but open to the pelvic cavity

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Fimbriae

Back 39

fringelike projections attached to the lateral end of the ovary

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Ampulla

Back 40

expanded distal end (2/3) of fallopian tube
is usual site of fertilization and zygote formation

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Isthmus

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part of uterine tube is the more medial, short, narrow, thick-walled portion that joins the uterus

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What is the function of the uterine (fallopian tubes)?

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transport or movement of secondary oocyte/developing embyro to uterus
based on:
Ciliated columnar and secretory cells of mucosa
Peristaltic contraction of muscularis (middle coat).

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Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus

Back 43

Uterine (fallopian) tubes structure?