Female Reproductive System

Front 1

What structures make up the external genitalia of the female?

Back 1

Labia Majora, Labia Minora, Clitoris, Vagina

Front 2

What structures make up the internal genitalia of the female?

Back 2

Cervix, Uterus, Fallopian tubes, Ovaries

Front 3

Is the female ovary connected to the rest of the reproductive system?

Back 3

No.

Front 4

What two structures make up the clitoris?

Back 4

The glans- similar to the glans of the male penis and the shaft, which is made of spongy tissue and similar to the shaft of the male penis.

Front 5

What is the tunica mucsoa?

Back 5

Inner layer of the vagina with thickness that is hormonally regulated by estrogen and changes during the ovarian cycle

Front 6

What is the pH of the vagina? and what is its function?

Back 6

Acidic to prevent bacterial growth (also is anti-sperm)

Front 7

Describe the diestrus phase of the estrus cycle in rats.

Back 7

Day 1, low estrogen, but lots of leukocytes to prevent infection.

Front 8

Describe the proestrus phase of the estrus cycle in rats.

Back 8

Day 2, increase in estrogen levels, epithelial cells have visible nuclei, still fair number of leukocytes

Front 9

Describe the estrus phase of the estrus cycle in rats.

Back 9

Day 3, peak estrogen levels, female is sexually receptive at this point. See squamous epithelial cells (dead, no nucleus)

Front 10

Describe the metestrus phase of the estrus cycle in rats.

Back 10

Day 4, returning to normal, estrogen levels dropping.

Front 11

What is the uterus?

Back 11

A pear-shaped sac comprised of smooth muscle, where the fetus develops

Front 12

What hold the uterus in place?

Back 12

uterine ligaments

Front 13

What are the four regions of the uterus?

Back 13

Fundus, Body, Isthmus, Cervix

Front 14

What is the Fundus of the Uterus?

Back 14

The dome shaped region that lies above where the oviducts enter the uterus

Front 15

What is the Body of the Uterus?

Back 15

The tapering central portion that ends at the external constriction

Front 16

What is the Isthmus of the uterus?

Back 16

the external constriction

Front 17

What is the cervix of the uterus?

Back 17

The thickened portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina- exocrine glands secrete mucus- orientation and thickness prevents/ allows sperm passage through the cervical canal.

Front 18

What are the three layers that make up the uterus?

Back 18

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

Front 19

What is the Perimetrium layer of the uterus?

Back 19

Thin membrane covering the outer surface

Front 20

What is the Myometrium layer of the uterus?

Back 20

Smooth muscle layer, which is capable of significant contractions involved in birth, menstruation, post birth and intercourse

Front 21

What is the endrometrium layer of the uterus?

Back 21

It lines the uterine cavity and consists of the stratum functionalis and the stratum basalis - both layers are mitotic with mitosis stimulated by estrogen.

Front 22

What is the stratum functionalis of the endometrium layer of the uterus?

Back 22

It is epithelial tissue and has glands. It is regulated by estrogen and progesterone and shed/sloughed during menstrual flow.

Front 23

What is the stratum basalis of the endometrium layer of the uterus?

Back 23

It contains blood vessels and supports and produces the stratum functionalis

Front 24

Describe the reproductive system of the female marsupial.

Back 24

It has 2 seperate uteri. - Duplex Uterus.

Front 25

Describe the reproductive system of the female rat.

Back 25

It has Uterine horns - each oviduct only delivers eggs to the side it is on, and both ovaries ovulate at the same time, potentially increasing the number of offspring.

Front 26

How does the human female reproductive system differ from that of the rat or the marsupial?

Back 26

Human has a single, fused uterus.

Front 27

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

Back 27

They are the site of fertilization and transport the egg/ zygote to the uterus

Front 28

What is the infundibulum of the fallopian tube?

Back 28

funnel shape portion nearest the ovary - most likely site of fertilization, and the surface is cilia lined.

Front 29

What is the most likely site of fertilization of egg in humans?

Back 29

The infundibulum of the fallopian tube

Front 30

What is the ostium of the infundibulum of the fallopian tube?

Back 30

The opening into the oviduct

Front 31

What are the fimbria of the infundibulum of the fallopian tube?

Back 31

The finger or petal-like projections whose movement helps draw 2nd oocyte into the oviduct.

Front 32

What is the ampulla of the oviduct?

Back 32

The wide area

Front 33

What is the isthmus of the oviduct?

Back 33

The narrowing of the oviduct (follows the wider ampulla)

Front 34

What is the intramural oviduct?

Back 34

The part of the oviduct that is embedded in the uterus

Front 35

What are the functions of the ovaries?

Back 35

Site of oocytes, follicle development, production of estrogen and progesterone, regulation of uterine/ menstrual cycle.

Front 36

What is the function of the tunica albuginea found in both the ovaries and the testes?

Back 36

It is a membrane around the outside to keep them seperate from the rest of the body.

Front 37

What is the function of the cortex of the ovary?

Back 37

Gamete production

Front 38

What is the function of the medulla of the ovary?

Back 38

Holding vessels

Front 39

What ligament attaches the ovary to the uterus?

Back 39

ovarian ligament

Front 40

What ligament attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall?

Back 40

Suspensory ligament

Front 41

What is important about the suspensory ligament beyond the fact that it attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall?

Back 41

It also contains the ovarian artery, vein and nerves.

Front 42

What attaches the ovary to the broad ligament?

Back 42

The mesovarium

Front 43

What three ligaments hold the ovary in place?

Back 43

Ovarian ligament, Suspensory ligament and mesovarium attachment to broad ligament

Front 44

Where does each oocyte develop?

Back 44

Within its own fluid-filled follicle within the ovary

Front 45

What is the term for when a follicle bursts and releases the oocyte?

Back 45

Ovulation

Front 46

How many primary Oocytes does a female have at birth?

Back 46

All of the oocytes that she will have for the rest of her life.

Front 47

In Oogenesis, a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to produce what?

Back 47

A secondary oocyte and a polar body.

Front 48

In Oogenesis,a primary oocyte produces a secondary oocyte and a polar body via what process?

Back 48

Meiosis 1

Front 49

In Oogenesis,the secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis 2 to produce what?

Back 49

An egg and a polar body

Front 50

In the meiotic divisions of Oogenesis, what is lost and what is maintained?

Back 50

Half of the genetic material is lost in each division, but the cytoplasm and all organelles are maintained.

Front 51

What is the function of the polar bodies in oogenesis?

Back 51

They are produced as waste in the meiotic divisions, they get rid of the extra genetic material, but don't waste any of the cytoplasm or organelles.

Front 52

How many eggs are produced from each primary germ cell in the female?

Back 52

1 egg per primary oocyte

Front 53

Do primary germ cells in females undergo mitotic divisions?

Back 53

No

Front 54

Do primary germ cells in males undergo mitotic divisions?

Back 54

Yes

Front 55

Are males born with spermatocytes?

Back 55

NO

Front 56

How many oocytes develop at once?

Back 56

The process is cyclical, and only a few develop to advanced stages at a time.

Front 57

Are the testes active before puberty?

Back 57

Yes- release hormones while fetal

Front 58

Are the ovaries active before puberty?

Back 58

No.