Female Repro System Anatomy

Front 1

uterus

Back 1

womb; pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which embryo develops

Front 2

fundus

Back 2

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

Front 3

endometrium

Back 3

lining of the uterus that is shed approx every 28-30 days in the nonpregnant female during menstruation

Front 4

myometrium

Back 4

muscular wall of the uterus

Front 5

uterine or fallopian tubes

Back 5

tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

Front 6

adnexa

Back 6

uterine tubes and ovaries (right and left uterine appendages)

Front 7

ovary

Back 7

one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

Front 8

cervix

Back 8

neck of the uterus

Front 9

cervical os

Back 9

opening of the cervix to the uterus

Front 10

vagina

Back 10

tubular passageway from cervix to outside of body

Front 11

vulva

Back 11

external genitalia of female

Front 12

labia

Back 12

external folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening known as the labia majora and labia minora

Front 13

clitoris

Back 13

external female erectile tissue situated in the anterior portion of the vulva

Front 14

hymen

Back 14

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

Front 15

introitus

Back 15

entrance to the vagina

Front 16

Bartholin glands

Back 16

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

Front 17

perineum

Back 17

region between vulva and anus

Front 18

mammary glands

Back 18

two glands of the female breasts capable of producing milk

Front 19

mammary papilla

Back 19

nipple

Front 20

areola

Back 20

dark pigmented area around the nipple

Front 21

embryo

Back 21

developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

Front 22

fetus

Back 22

developing organism from the ninth week to birth

Front 23

placenta

Back 23

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy that provides nourishment for the fetus

Front 24

amnion

Back 24

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus; filled with amniotic fluid

Front 25

amniotic fluid

Back 25

fluid withing the amnion that surrounds and protects the fetus

Front 26

meconium

Back 26

intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

Front 27

amenorrhea

Back 27

absence of menstruation

Front 28

anovulation

Back 28

absence of ovulation

Front 29

dysmenorrhea

Back 29

painful menstruation

Front 30

dyspareunia

Back 30

painful intercourse

Front 31

leukorrhea

Back 31

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

Front 32

menorrhagia

Back 32

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation

Front 33

metrorrhagia

Back 33

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

Front 34

oligomenorrhea

Back 34

scant menstrual period

Front 35

oligo-ovulation

Back 35

irregular ovulation

Front 36

cervicitis

Back 36

inflammation of the cervix

Front 37

dermoid cyst

Back 37

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage); more commonly found in an ovary; usually benign

Front 38

anteflexion

Back 38

abnormal forward bending of the uterus

Front 39

retroflexion

Back 39

abnormal backward bending of the uterus

Front 40

retroversion

Back 40

backward turn of the whole uterus (tipped uterus)

Front 41

endometriosis

Back 41

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

Front 42

endometritis

Back 42

inflammation of the endometrium

Front 43

fibroid
fibromyoma
leiomyoma

Back 43

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

Front 44

fistula

Back 44

abnormal passage such as from one hollow organ to another

Front 45

rectovaginal fistula

Back 45

abnormal opening between vagina and rectum

Front 46

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 46

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

Front 47

cervical neoplasia

Back 47

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

Front 48

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
cervical dysplasia

Back 48

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of cervix, graded according to extent of abnormal cell formation: CIN1= mild dysplasia; CIN2= moderate; CIN3= severe

Front 49

carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix

Back 49

malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures

Front 50

menopause

Back 50

cessation of menstrual periods due to a lack of ovarian hormones

Front 51

oophoritis

Back 51

inflammation of one or both ovaries

Front 52

parovarian cyst

Back 52

cyst of the fallopian tube

Front 53

pelvic adhesions

Back 53

scarring of tisse within the pelvic cavity as a result of endometriosis, infection, or injury

Front 54

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 54

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity usually including the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; gen. caused by bacteria

Front 55

pelvic floor relaxation

Back 55

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

Front 56

cystocele
-type of pelvic floor relaxation

Back 56

pouching of the bladder into the vagina

Front 57

rectocele
-type of pelvic floor relaxation

Back 57

pouching of the rectum into the vagina

Front 58

enterocele
-type of pelvic floor relaxation

Back 58

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and rectum

Front 59

urethrocele
-type of pelvic floor relaxation

Back 59

pouching of the urethra into the vagina

Front 60

prolapse
-type of pelvic floor relaxation

Back 60

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

Front 61

salpingitis

Back 61

inflammation of a fallopian tube

Front 62

vaginitis

Back 62

inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation, often caused by Candida or Trichomonas

Front 63

atrophic vaginitis

Back 63

thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture due to depletion of estrogen, which causes tissue inflammation

Front 64

vaginosis

Back 64

infection of the vagina with little or no inflammation; characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor

Front 65

adenocarcinoma of the breast

Back 65

malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

Front 66

amastia

Back 66

absence of a breast

Front 67

gynecomastia

Back 67

development of mammary glands in the male, caused by altered hormone levels

Front 68

hypermastia
macromastia

Back 68

abnormally large breasts

Front 69

hypomastia
micromastia

Back 69

unusually small breasts

Front 70

mastitis

Back 70

inflammation of the breast- most common in women when breastfeeding

Front 71

polymastia

Back 71

presence of more than two breasts

Front 72

polythelia
supernumerary nipples

Back 72

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

Front 73

aspiration biopsy

Back 73

needle draw of tissue of fluid from a cavity for cytological examination

Front 74

endoscopic biopsy

Back 74

removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure

Front 75

needle biopsy

Back 75

removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle

Front 76

stereotactic breast biopsy

Back 76

use of x-ray or ultrasound imaging, a specialized stereotactic frame, and a computer to calc, precisely locate, and direct needle into breast lesion for core removal

Front 77

sentinel node breast biopsy

Back 77

biopsy of the sentinal node in a breast w early cancer to determine metastases; includes radionuclide imaging to locate sentinal node

Front 78

sentinal node

Back 78

the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor

Front 79

colposcopy

Back 79

exam of vagina and cervix using colposcope, often w camera attachment for photographs

Front 80

hysteroscopy

Back 80

use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities

Front 81

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 81

use of nonionizing images to detect gynecological conditions or stage tumors arising from endometrium or cervix

Front 82

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear

Back 82

study of cells collected from cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities

Front 83

hysterosalpingogram

Back 83

x-ray of fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through cervix; used to determine tubal patency

Front 84

mammogram

Back 84

low-dose x-ray of breast tissue done to detect neoplasms

Front 85

pelvic sonography

Back 85

ultrasound imaging of female pelvis

Front 86

endovaginal sonogram
transvaginal sonogram

Back 86

ultrasound image of uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer w/in vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic preg. or missed abortion

Front 87

hysterosonogram

Back 87

transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or determine tubal patency

Front 88

transabdominal sonogram

Back 88

ultrasound image of lower abdomen including bladder, uterus, tuves, ovaries to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors

Front 89

adhesiolysis
adhesiotomy

Back 89

breading down or severing of pelvic adhesions

Front 90

cervical conization

Back 90

removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix

Front 91

colporrhaphy

Back 91

suture to repair the vagina

Front 92

anterior repair

Back 92

repair of a cystocele

Front 93

posterior repair

Back 93

repair of a rectocele

Front 94

A&P repair

Back 94

anterior and posterior repair of a cystocele and a rectocele

Front 95

culdocentesis

Back 95

aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac used for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and PID

Front 96

cul-de-sac

Back 96

cavity that lies between the rectum and posterior wall of the uterus

Front 97

dilation and curettage (D&C)

Back 97

dilation of cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, obtain tissue for biopsy, or remove polyps or products of conception

Front 98

abdominal hysterectomy

Back 98

removal of uterus through an incision in the abdomen

Front 99

vaginal hysterectomy

Back 99

removal of uterus through vagina

Front 100

total hysterectomy

Back 100

removal of uterus and cervix

Front 101

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)

Back 101

use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy & Tx of affected tissue

Front 102

transformation zone

Back 102

area of cervix where neoplasia is most likely to arise

Front 103

myomectomy

Back 103

excision of fibroid tumors

Front 104

oophorectomy

Back 104

excision of an ovary

Front 105

ovarian cystectomy

Back 105

excision of an ovarian cyst

Front 106

salpingectomy

Back 106

excision of a uterine tube

Front 107

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 107

excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries

Front 108

salpingotomy

Back 108

incision into a fallopian tube, often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy

Front 109

salpingostomy

Back 109

creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage

Front 110

tubal ligation

Back 110

sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying the uterine tubes

Front 111

lumpectomy

Back 111

excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; most often followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy if cancerous

Front 112

simple mastectomy

Back 112

removal of an entire breast, with underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact

Front 113

radical mastectomy

Back 113

removal of an entire breast, underlying chest muscles, and axillary lymph nodes

Front 114

modified radical mastectomy

Back 114

removal of an entire breast and axillary lymph nodes

Front 115

mammoplasty

Back 115

surgical reconstruction of a breast

Front 116

augmentation mammoplasty

Back 116

reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant

Front 117

reduction mammoplasty

Back 117

reconstruction to remove excess breast tissue

Front 118

mastopexy

Back 118

elevation of pendulous breast tissue

Front 119

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Back 119

use of a hormone to replace a deficiency or regulate production

Front 120

hormonal contraceptives

Back 120

hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation

Front 121

intrauterine device (IUD)

Back 121

contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of the fertilized egg

Front 122

uterine fibroid embolization (UFE)

Back 122

catheter-guided injection of embolic agents into the arteries supplying blood to fibroid tumors, blocking circulation and causing shrinkage

Front 123

gravida

Back 123

pregnant woman

Front 124

nulligravida

Back 124

having never been pregnant

Front 125

primigravida

Back 125

first pregnancy

Front 126

para

Back 126

a woman who has produced one or more viable offspring

Front 127

nullipara

Back 127

woman who has not borne a child

Front 128

primipara

Back 128

first delivery

Front 129

multipara

Back 129

woman who has given birth to two or more children

Front 130

cervical effacement

Back 130

progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

Front 131

estimated date of confinement (EDC)
estimated date of delivery (EDD)

Back 131

expected date for delivery of the baby- normally 280 days of 40 weeks from conception

Front 132

meconium staining

Back 132

presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

Front 133

ruptured membranes

Back 133

ruptured amniotic sac, usually at the onset of labor

Front 134

macrosomia

Back 134

large-bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies

Front 135

polyhydramnios

Back 135

excessive amniotic fluid

Front 136

abortion

Back 136

expulsion of the product of conception before the fetus can be viable

Front 137

spontaneous abortion

Back 137

miscarriage; expulsion of products of conception occurring naturally

Front 138

habitual abortion

Back 138

spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

Front 139

incomplete abortion

Back 139

incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

Front 140

missed abortion

Back 140

death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

Front 141

threatened abortion

Back 141

bleeding with threat of miscarriage

Front 142

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

Back 142

conditions preventing normal delivery through the birth canal- either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small

Front 143

eclampsia

Back 143

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, coma

Front 144

preeclampsia
pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

Back 144

toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of legs and feet, and puffiness of face

Front 145

ectopic pregnancy

Back 145

implantation of fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube, ovary, or (rarely) the abdominal category

Front 146

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 146

disorder that results from incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-[psitive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in fetus- blood transfusion req'd to save fetus

Front 147

Rh factor

Back 147

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBCs; may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia and erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 148

hyperemesis gravidarum

Back 148

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

Front 149

meconium aspiration

Back 149

fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

Front 150

placenta previa

Back 150

displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

Front 151

abruptio placentae

Back 151

premature detachment of a normally-situated placenta

Front 152

chorionic villi sampling (CVS)

Back 152

sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

Front 153

amniocentesis

Back 153

aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

Front 154

fetal monitoring

Back 154

use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions

Front 155

pelvimetry

Back 155

obstetrical measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

Front 156

pregnancy test

Back 156

test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by placenta) that indicates pregnancy

Front 157

cesarean section

Back 157

surgical delivery of a baby by making an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus

Front 158

episiotomy

Back 158

incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery

Front 159

amnioinfusion

Back 159

introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac; most commonly an isotonic solution used to relieve fetal distress

Front 160

therapeutic abortion (TAB)

Back 160

abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical considerations

Front 161

version

Back 161

manual method of reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery

Front 162

external version

Back 162

abdominal manipulation

Front 163

internal version

Back 163

intravaginal manipulation

Front 164

abortifacient

Back 164

drug that causes abortion

Front 165

oxytocin

Back 165

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used for induction of labor

Front 166

Rh immune globulin

Back 166

immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hours after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

Front 167

tocolytic agent

Back 167

drug used to stop labor contractions