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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Female gonads? gametes? |
Gonads = ovaries Gametes = secondary oocytes --> ovum |
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Function of ovaries? |
Produce gametes Release hormones (progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, inhibin) |
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Broad vs Ovarian vs Suspensory ligaments |
Broad: part of parietal peritoneum Ovarian: ovary to uterus Suspensory: ovary to pelvic wall (have vessels inside) |
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Ovary Structure? |
Outside = germinal epithelium Tunica albugenia: whitish, thick CT Cortex: CT & follicles Medulla: loose CT, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves |
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Ovarian arteries vs Ovarian veins vs Ovarian vessels |
Ovarian arteries - direct off of abdominal aorta Ovarian veins - R ends in IVC L ends in L renal vein Ovarian vessels = suspensory ligament |
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Fallopian Tube structure? |
Fimbrae Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus |
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Where is fertilization most likely to occur? Ectopic pregnancy? |
Ampulla of Fallopian tubes Anywhere outside of uterine tubes - |
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Histo of fallopian tubes? |
Mucosa = epithelium + lamina propria -Epithelium: Ciliated simple columnar Nonciliated peg cells Lamina propria (areolar) Muscularis: thick inner circular, outer longitudinal Serosa |
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Uterus parts? Layers? |
Parts: Fundus, body, cervix Layers: -perimetrium (lined w serosa/ adventitia) -becomes broad ligament laterally -vesicouterine & rectouterine pouch myometrium 3 layers of smooth muscle -middle = circular endometrium |
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Rectouterine Pouch? Where? Also called? Made from? |
Pouch of Douglas Between uterus and rectum Made from perimetrium of uterus |
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Vesico uterine pouch? Where? Made from? |
Made from perimetrium of uterus Anterior extension of perimetrium Covers bladder |
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Endometrium? |
Stratum basalis: permanent -provides stem cells for functionalis -spiral arterioles Stratum functionalis: sloughed off every month -straight arterioles |
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Normal anatomical position of uterus? |
Anterverted: Anteflexion: uterus body is bent forwards, over cervix |
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Vagina structure? |
Adventitia - loose CT attaches it to surroundings Adventitia: Muscularis - 2 layers smooth - inner circular, outer longitudinal Mucosa: non-keratinized stratified squamous -lamina propria NO GLANDS |
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Where is clitoris located? What is homologous to? |
Where labia minora meet Homologous to glans penis |
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Glans clitoris? Prepuce of clitoris? |
Glans = Exposed part of clitoris - Body is hidden - contains 2 corpORA cavernosa Prepuce = skin that covers body where labia minora meet |
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Uterine proplapse? AKA? |
Procidentia Loss of support by 1) cardinal lig 2)uterosacral lig 3)levator ani uterus comes out of vagina |
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Mammary glands? |
Modified sweat glands -tubuloalveolar 15-25 lobules Alveoli --> secondary tubules --> mammary ducts --> lactiferous sinus --> lactiferous duct |
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Ligaments holding up Uterus? |
Broad ligaments: ext of peritoneum; attaches uterus to both sides of pelvic cavity Uterosacral ligaments: connect uterus to sacrum; on either side of rectum Cardinal / lateral cervical: connects cervix / vagina to pelvic walls Round Ligaments: CT between broad ligament layers; uterus fundus to labia majora |
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Parts of vulva? What are they homologous to? |
Mons pubis: Labia Majora: Scrotum Labia Minora: Spongy Urethra Clitoris: Glans Penis Vestibule: Membranous Urethra |
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Supporting Structures of uterus? |
-Pelvic floor muscles : levator ani -Perineal Body -Uterosacral ligaments -Round Ligaments -Transverse cervical ligaments |
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Blood Supply |
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Fate of primordial germ cells? |
Primordial germ cells --> diff into oogonia --> mitosis --> millions of germ cells --> atresia |
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Fate of germ cells? |
Grow into larger primary oocytes -stay in prophase 1 until puberty -known as primary follicle |
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What are germ cells known as up until puberty? |
Primary follicles |
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How many oocytes are present at different times in life? |
Birth: 200K --> 2 million Puberty: 40 K Actually ovulated: 400 |
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Fate of primary follicle? |
Primary follicle --> meiosis 1 --> secondary follicle and 1st polar body Secondary follicle --> meiosis 2 --> Graafian follicle --> ovulation --> release of secondary oocyte |
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Primary follicle vs Secondary Follicle |
Primary follicle --> meiosis --> Secondary follicle Secondary has fluid filled antrum |
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What stimulates release of FSH and LH? |
GnRH - from hypothalamus |
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What do FSH and LH promote? |
-Development of many primordial follicles -Stimulate follicles to secrete estrogen |
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LH surge promotes what? |
-Ovulation -Formation of corpus luteum -secretes progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, inhibin until it becomes corpus albicans |
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Estrogen promotes ? |
-Development of female repro strucures & secondary sex characteristics -Protein anabolism (strong bones) -Lowers blood cholesterol -Inhibits GnRH FSH, LH |
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Progesterone promotes? secreted by? |
Secreted by corpus luteum - (along with estrogens) prepares uterus for fetus implantation -inhibits GnRH, LH |
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Relaxin |
Produced by corpus luteum -Decreased myometrium contraction At the end of pregnancy: -Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis -Dilates cervix |
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Inhibin? Secreted by? |
Secreted by 1) Granulosa cells of growing follicles 2) Corpus luteum -Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH |
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How long does female reproductive cycle last? What are the stages? How long do they last? |
24-35 days Menstruation 1-5 Pre Ovulatory 6-13 Ovulation 14 Post Ovulatory 15-28 |
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Menstrual Phase? Events in uterus and ovaries? |
Uterus: - less pro and estrogen --> release of prostaglandins --> constriction of spiral arterioles --> no O2 --> stratum functionalis is shed Ovaries: FSH --> many primordial follicles --> primary follicles --> secondary follicles **takes many months |
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Pre Ovulatory Phase? |
Uterus: aka Proliferative Phase -Estrogens --> mitosis of stratum basalis --> Stratum functionalis is being repaired Ovaries: secondary follicles release estrogen & inhibin --> dominant follicle secretes most inhibin and estrogen -->FSH decreases --> atresia |
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What is follicular phase? |
Relative to ovaries Menstrual + Preovulatory phases |
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Ovulation? |
Graafian follicle ruptures --> secondary oocyte is released high amount of estrogen --> POSITIVE FEEDBACK on cells that release GnRH & LH--> LH surge --> |
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Post-ovulatory phase? AKA? |
Most constant phase In one ovary: aka Luteal Phase -Graafian follicle --> corpus luteum (b/c of LH) -progesterone, estrogen, inhibin and relaxin Uterus: aka Secretory -progesterone + estrogen --> growth of endometrium -changes peak 1 week post ovulation - when ovum is supposed to get to uterus -no fert --> dec prog + estrogen --> menses |
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Fate of corpus luteum if fertilized? if not? |
No Fertillization --> dies in 2 weeks --> corpus albicans -decreased estrogen --> GnRH, FSH, LH increases --> follicle growth starts again Fertilization: --> outlives 2 weeks -because chorion of embryo makes Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) --> stimulates corpus luteum |
