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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AMENORRHEA
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absence of periods
(primary- never started secondary- cessation after established) |
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OLIGOMENORRHOEA
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infrequent periods which may also be irregular (common for first 2 years and before menopause)
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POLYMENORRHOEA
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abnormally frequent periods
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MENORRHAGIA
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increase amount or duration of flow
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METRORRHAGIA
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irregular or continuous bleeding from the uterus, or intermenstural bleeding
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POST COITAL BLEEDING
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bleeding after intercourse
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POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING
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bleeding at least 6/12 after periods ceased
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DYSMENORRHOEA
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pain with mensturation
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DYSPAREUNIA
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difficulty or painful coitus
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ENDOMETRIOSIS
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presence of function endometrial tissue in an abnormal location
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Define Cervicitis
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an infalmmation of the cervix
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what are some clinical features of cervicitis?
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vaginal discharge
infertility |
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What is the pathology of chronic cervicitis?
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causes fibrosis and possible scarring of the area, deformations, obstruction of the cervical canal and ingertility
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PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
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Acute condition in which the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are infected (usually from chlamydia)
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What are Pelvic infections?
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infections affecting the genital organs and the adjacent tissue
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What are the causes of acute pelvic infection?
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most commonly chlamydia
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What are the causes of chronic pelvic infection?
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may follow acute salpingitis, or associated with TB or a foreign body
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What ar the clinical features of pelvic infections?
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usually lower abdominal and pelvis pain- often referred to back
vaginal discharge (acute) irritability, depression, anorexia, loss of libido |
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What is the pathology of acute pelvic infections?
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infects mucous secreting area of endocervix- spread from cervix via endometrium to tubal lining
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What is a cervical carcinoma?
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malignancy of the cerix- Genital tract, not reproductive system
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what is the cause of cervical cancer?
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related to coitus
first pregnancy increases risk x10 appears to be a correlation with viral infection |
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How might cervical cancer spread?
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1. Direct -> involves body of uterus, the vaginal walls, the bladder and the broad ligament
2. Lymphatic -> to internal iliac and obturator nodes 3. Blood -> spread is rare and late (bone, brain, lung) |
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What are the clinical manifestations of cervical cancer?
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early stages often symptomless
post coital bleeding pelvic pain weight loss and anorexia vaginal discharge |
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What are the complications of cervical cancer?
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obstructed cervical canal
direct spread ureteric obstruction uraeia- this is the cause of death in 50% of cases |
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Define endometriosis
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presences of functional endometrial tissue in an abnormal location
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What are some possible sites of implantation of endometrial cells?
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ovaries, ducts, ligaments, colon, cervic, bladder, umbilicus
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What stimulates endometrial cells?
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hormonal stimulation
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What are some clinical features of endometriosis?
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dysmenorrhoea
abnormal mensturation dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) infertility |
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Define adenomyosis
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common and benign disorder characterised by infiltration of endometrium into the myometrium
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what are some clinical features of adenomyosis?
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menorrhagia
intermensrual bleeding |
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what are uterine fibromas?
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tumours which comprise muscle and fibrous connective tissue- most common cause of tumour in the repro system
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Where might uterine fibromas be found?
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subserosa- under parametrium
intramural- within uterine wall submucous- under endometrium |
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what are some clinical features of uterine fibromas?
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increased menstural flow, therefore anaemia
obstructive symptoms and signs |
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What is an endometrial carcinoma?
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malignancy derived from the endometrium
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what are some caues of endometrial carcinoma?
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high intake of dietary fat
any condition associated with high levels of unopposed oestrogen (obesity, POS, late meno) |
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What are some clinical features of endometrial carcinoma?
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irregular bleeding
pain is hypogastric and not severe |
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Define cysts of ovary
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presence of single or multiple cystic masses within, or attached to one or both ovaries
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What are some classifications of ovarian cysts?
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functional cysts
serous cystadenoma teratoma endometrial cysts |
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What causes a corpus luteum cyst?
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derived from a corpus luteum that does not degenerate at the normal time
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What are some clinical features of ovarian cysts?
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menstural irregularities
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What are some complications of cysts?
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Torsion of pedicle
haemorrhage rupture infection malignant change |
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What is an ovarian malignancy?
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