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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the normal age range for menopause to start?
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40 to 58 years old
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menarche
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beginning of menstruation
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the age range for menarche?
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10 to 16 years old, earlier for shorter, fatter girls.
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The average age for menarche is ?
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12.5 years old or 48kg. (106lbs)
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Would a girl in an undeveloped country begin menarche earlier or later than those in developed counties???
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Earlier. THey would also have earlier menopause
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What could cause irregularities or amenorrhea ?
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Pregnancy, depression, ovarian tumors,
ovarian cysts, autoimmune disease, and hormonal imbalances |
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What is premature menopause ?
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menopause before the age of 30 years old.
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What is delayed menopause?
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menopause after the age of 58 years old.
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What could cause premature or postmature menopause?
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generic predisposition, an endocrine disorder, or gynecologic dysfunction.
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60 % of menopausal women will experience?
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hot flashes and night sweats.
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What symptomes occur with menopause?
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mood swings, decreased appetite, vaginal dryness, spotting, and irregular vaginal bleeding.
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vaginal discharge could indicate
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infection.
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pain in the area of the vulva, vagina, uterus, cervix, or ovaries, could be a sign of ?
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infection
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Itching is a sign of ??
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infection or infestation
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Lumps, swelling, or masses in the genital area could indicate?
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infection, lymphedema, or cancer.
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difficulty urinating ?
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infection
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A change in urinary frequency, burning, or pain ?
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infection, urinary tract infection, or sexually transmitted disease.
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Lumps, swelling, or masses in the genital area could indicate?
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infection, lymphedema, or cancer.
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Difficulty controlling urine?
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is a sign of incontinence either stress incontinence or urgency incontinence
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Urinary incontinence in older women may develop from what ?
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weakened or loss of urethral elasticity
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What women would benefit from vaginal lubrication before sex.
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older women whose estrogen production is decrease causing vaginal dryness and women who have surgical induced menopause.
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atrophy of the vaginal mucosa is caused by a decrease in what hormone ?
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Decreased estrogen production
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How is infertility defined?
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Unprotected sex for one year without pregnancy.
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What does a pap smear screen for ?
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cervical cancer
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When should a pap smear and pelvic examination be done?
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yearly or at the doctors discretion after 4 consecutive normal results.
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What age should pap smears and pelvic examinations begin?
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18 years old OR for girls who are sexually active.
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Sexually transmitted diseases can increase a woman's risk for ?
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pelvic inflammatory disease which can cause scarring of the Fallopian tubes.
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Scarred Fallopian tubes increases the risk of?
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infertility
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Why is it important to know if a client is pregnant?
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in case medications or x-rays need to be prescribed
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diabetes predisposes women to what vaginal infections?
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yeast infection
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Why is it important to know if a client is pregnant?
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in case medications or x-rays need to be prescribed
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IF a client has an occurrence of cancer in her family,where should the nurse focus her attention?
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to the area in which the risk may be present.
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What can increase a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease?
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smoking and taking oral contraceptives.
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what are some minor side effects of oral contraceptives?
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weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches, and nausea.
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Major side effects of oral contraceptives are?
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thromboembolic disorders, cerebrovascular accident, and myocardial infarction,
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What are benign masses on the ovary called?
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Ovarian cyst.
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List five words to describe an ovarian cyst.
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smooth
mobile round compressible nontender |
s m r c n
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)is caused by an ?
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Infection of the salpingitis or Fallopian tubes and ovaries with a sexually transmitted disease.
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What causes extremely tender and painful bilateral adnexal masses????
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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After collecting all assessment data what would the nurse do next?
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analyze the data using diagnostic reasoning skills
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List some potential complication (PC) in which the nurse would need to refer the client to a doctor?
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Gonorrhea ovarian nodual
Syphilis abnormal pap smear Chlamydia vaginal bleeding Infertility pregnacy urinary incontinence |
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Nursing diagnosis = Wellness
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when clients are ready to improve an already healthy situation.
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Nursing Diagnosis (RISK)
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use if a client does not have a diagnosis but data reveals the risk of a problem developing.
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Nursing Diagnosis ( ACTUAL)
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use when a nurse an prevent the complication or provide the primary treatment
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candidal vaginitis (moniliasis) causes what type of discharge?
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thick, white,and cheesy
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At puberty the breast increase in size due to what hormone?
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Progesterone
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Elevated sebaceous glands are known as? NORMAL FINDING
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Montgomery's glands
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Where are Montgomery's glands located?
NORMAL FINDING |
on the areola
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What is glandular tissue?
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the functional part of the breast that allows for milk production.
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the tissue that provides support for the glandular tissue is known as?
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Cooper's ligaments
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What type of tissue determines the size and shape of the breast?
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Fatty tissue
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What lymph nodes are responsible for the drainage from the arms???
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lateral lymph nodes
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drainage of the arms
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lateral lymph nodes
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Where do most breast tumors occur ?
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upper outer quadrant
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Breast that become lumpy and sore before menstration but getter better after menstration are symptomes of what?
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Fibrocystic breast disease
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A family history of breast cancer
consumption of a high-fat diet late menopause increases a woman's risk for what type of cancer? |
BREAST CANCER
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What do Hispanic Americans associate breast cancer with ?
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physical stress
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What medication can cause a clear discharge from the nipples?
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contraceptives
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In males gynecomastia can be the result of the client taking medications for what?
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depression
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Breast exams should be performed at what time of the month?
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right after menstruation
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What is Orange-peel is associated with ?
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blocked lymphatic drainage
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Dimpling of the breast could indicate?
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tumors
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A reddened scar three years after a surgical procedure indicates?
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infection
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Dimpling of the breast could indicate?
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tumors
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If a client reports any symptoms what should the nurse do?
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Use COLDSPA to explore the symptoms
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Lumps and swelling of the breast can be associated with?
ABNORMAL |
benign breast disease, fibroadenomas, or malignant tumors. any lumps and swelling should be further assessed.
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Redness, warmth,retraction, or dimpling of the breast can indicate?
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redness and warmth= inflammation
retraction and dimpling=of nipple or fibrous tissue seen with breast cancer |
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A change in size or firmness indicates?
ABNORMAL NORMAL in elderly |
inflammation or abnormal growth
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Older clients will have a decrease in what type of breast tissue? And an increase in what type of tissue? What causes the changes?
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a decrease in=size and firmness
a decrease in=glandular tissue an increase in= fatty tissue decreased estrogen causes the changes |
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Pain and tenderness is a sign of ?
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benign breast disease especially if the client client uses oral contraceptives.
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Breast Pain is associated with?
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late sign of breast cancer
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What should the nurse do if a client reports blood or blood tinged discharge from her nipples?
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M.D. referral A.S.A.P
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what are four medications associated with a clear nipple discharge?
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oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, steroids, digitalis, and diuretic.
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Other than medications what else could be responsible for a clear nipple discharge?
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a frequently stimulated nipple
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How is glandular tissue arranged?
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in 15 to 20 lobes that radiate in a circular fashion from the nipple.
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Where is milk stored within the breast?
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lactiferous sinus
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What tissue determines the functional capability of the breast?
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glandular tissue
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What do the anterior nodes aka pectoral nodes drain?
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anterior chest wall and breast.
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What do the posterior nodes aka subscapular nodes drain?
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the posterior chest wall and part of the arms
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What do the lateral nodes aka bracial nodes drain?
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most of the arms
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What do the central nodes RECEIVE drainage from?
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anterior, posterior,and lateral lymph nodes.
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Risk factors of breast cancer?
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gender
early menarche or late menopause no natural children wet ear wax first born child after 30 y.o. taller height no breast fed babies |
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Who has the highest incidence of breast cancer?
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United States and Europe
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Breast tissue changes can be related to?
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aging, trauma, physical abuse, sports injuries.
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two drinks or more a day can increase a woman's risk for
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breast cancer
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Asbestos, radiation, benzene, increases a woman's risk for?
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breast cancer
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Depro Provera and antipsychotic drugs increase the chances of
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persistent mild secretions whether the woman is breast feeding or not
AKA galactorrhea |
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the purpose of the breast assessment is to?
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identify signs of breast disease and initiate early treatment
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What does the final part of the breast examination involve?
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teaching the client about BSE and having them demonstrate what they have learned.
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If one breast is larger than the other, is this a normal or abnormal finding?
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NORMAL
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A prominent venous pattern is caused by what?
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increased circulation due to a malignancy
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an asymmetrical venous pattern indicates?
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malignancy
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IF veins radiate either horizontally and toward the axilla or vertically with a lateral flare would this be a normal or abnormal finding?
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NORMAL. the transverse pattern predominates
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Red, scaly, crusty areas on the areola are indicitive of ???
ABNORMAL |
Paget's disease.
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What should the nurse do if the client reports a spontaneous discharge from the nipple?
ABNORMAL |
M.D. REFERRAL for cytologic study
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Supernumerary Nipples
Normal or Abnormal??? |
NORMAL should be without discharge.
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What positions are used to test for breast retraction and dimpling?
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raises arms over head
lower them and presses against the hips presses hands together with finger of the one hand pointing the opposite direction of the other hand |
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The texture and elasticity should feel?
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smooth, firm, and elastic
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How do Malignant tumors feel to the nurse?
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unilateral, with irregular, poorly delineated borders. they are hard and non tender and fixed to underlying tissues.
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Describe a fibroadenoma
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1-5 cm., round or oval, mobile, firm, solid or multiple benign masses in one or both breast.
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