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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dogs are in the what family? |
Carnivore family |
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Go Through the digestive system. Top to bottom. |
-esophagus |
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Word for grab or grasp |
prehension |
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Word for chewing? |
Mastication |
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Word for swallowing? |
Deglutition |
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Word for Belching? |
Eructiation |
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What are the molars used for? |
to crush the food |
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In dogs how many baby teeth? how many adult teeth? |
Baby - 28 |
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Adult teeth equation please... |
2(I3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4 M 2/3) |
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Where does digestion start in a dog? |
In the stomach. |
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Why doesn't start in the mouth? |
Because it doesn't have the enzymes in the mouth to break down food like humans do |
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What is the word for wave like movement of the muscles to move the food from the esophagus to the stoamch |
Peristalsis |
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Name the movement of mixing enzymes back and forth motion in the stomach to break down food |
Segmentation |
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Name the muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach |
Cardiac Sphincter |
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Where is the stomach positioned in the body? |
on the left side behind the liver
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Name the 3 pancreatic juices and what they do? |
Amylace - breaks down starch |
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What are enzymes extremely sensitive to? |
pH level in the stomach |
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What is the food called when it is in the stomach? Describe what it would look like. |
Chyme/chymus - thick, milky and semi-liquid |
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FELINES!!! |
obligated or true carnivore |
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How many teeth do kittens have? How many do adult cats have? |
Kittens: 26 |
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Adult cat teeth equation...GO! |
2(I: 3/3, C1/1, P3/2, m 1/1) |
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Cats need a vitamin in the meat called what? |
Taurine. |
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What do felines not have in their saliva? And what does that mean? |
- don't have amylace in the saliva and that means digestion starts in the stomach |
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Why is taurine so important? |
taurine is an essential amino acid. And amino acids are the building blocks of protein. |
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What do cats not have? But dogs and humans do?
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A sweet tooth |
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What are the 2 parts of digestion? |
Chemical and Mechanical |
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What is prebiotics? |
- food ingredient that encourages or nourishes activity of certain types of bacteria that lives int he digestive tract |
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What is probiotics |
- supplements to replace bacteria that has been destroyed |
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What doesn't the liver store, and what becomes of it? |
The liver doesn't store carbohydrates and tends to become fatty |
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What is mostly under control of the protein in take |
the metalbolism |
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What does the pancreas use for insulin release? |
amino acids |
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There are 3 parts to the colon, what are they? |
Ascending colon |
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Birds: |
-2 |
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How many chambers of the digestive system? |
-crop |
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Name the parts of the beak. |
maxilla |
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What 2 vitamins deficiencies that can cause beak disorders? |
Vitamin D and calcium |
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Cecal fermenters - name some |
- horses, guinea pigs, elephants, rabbits |
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Equine Dental formula. GO! |
@(I3/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3) |
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How many salivary glands do horses have? And how many gallons can saliva is produced? |
3 glands |
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what are the 2 enzymes in their saliva, and what do they do? |
Bicarbonate - buffers and protects |
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What is some issues of concern dealing with horses and their esophagus? |
- they have very little re-flux capability, so they can't vomit. |
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How long is the small intestine? |
70 ft |
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Is their a gall bladder? |
No, so the bile flows directly into the small intestine |
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Name the 5 parts of the large intestine |
cecum - large colon - small colon - rectum - anus |
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Whats so special about the cecum? |
it's where food from the small intestine that hasn't been broken down, gets broken down |
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What is the stool called that some herbivores eat on first pass? |
-cecotropes |
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The actually act of eating said stool is called? |
Coprophagia |
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Adult Ruminant formula |
(I 0/3, C 0/1, P3/3, M3/3) |
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Primary herbivores |
- cattle, sheep, goats, deer, elk |
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Who is a 'pseudo' ruminant? Why are they considering one? What is missing? |
Camels and llamas |
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60-75% of food is exposed to what, even before gastric juices? |
microbial fermentation |
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Name 3 players in microbial fermentation. |
- bacteria |
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Mouth |
tongue - used more |
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Is the esophagus what's missing? why? |
Sphincter valve |
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Name the 4 chambers of a ruminants stomach |
- reticulum |
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key features of the recticulum |
- located next to the heart - honeycomb appearance - pathways - anywhere - esophagus - rumen - omasum |
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key features of the rumen |
- found on the left side |
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key features of the omasum |
- AKA 'many piles' |
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key features of the abomasum |
- true stomach - secrets enzymes from walls such as: HCL, Mucin, pepsinogen, rennin and lipase |
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What does VFA stand for? |
Volatile fatty acids |
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What are the VFA? |
- acetic acid |
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What are the gastric juices? |
- pepsinogen (protein) |
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What do the Pancreatic juices |
- trypin |
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Intestinal enzymes...what are they? |
- amino peptidas |
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What are the 3 denaturing proteins and what do they break down? |
- maltase - maltose |
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ANTI FREEEEEEEEZE! |
- ethylene glycol |
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What is the lethal dose for a dog? |
- 2-3 mL / 1lbs |
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What is the lethal dose for a cat? |
.64mL/1lbs |
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What does ethlene glycol do? |
- it metabolizes(oxalates) in the liver |
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Stage 1 of poisoning. |
0-12hrs |
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Stage 2 of poisoning |
12-24hrs |
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Stage 3 of poisoning. |
12-72hrs |
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Treatment? |
- induce vomiting |
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Prevention? |
- clean up antifreeze messes RIGHT AWAY |
