Federalism Flashcards

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Federalism

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the act of dividing powers between the states and the federal government

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devolution

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the process of giving power back to the states

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soveregnty

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supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community.

each state have their own power

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Unitary system

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central government has power

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confederation

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a league of soverign states joining together together for limited purposes

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tenth amendment

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giving states powers not listed in the constitution

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supremacy clause

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fed govern/ law is supreme over state law

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elastic clause

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gives congress the most general nonspecific powers

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necessary and proper clause

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aka the elasic clause

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commerce clause

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gives congress power to regulate trade with foreign nations, states, and indian tribes

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full faith and credit clause

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addresses the duties of the states, and how they must respect each other and their laws

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privileges and immunities clause

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prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner

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enumerated powers

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powers listed out in the constitution given to congress

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expressed powers

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same as enumerated powers

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delegated powers

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same as enumerated powers

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reserved powers

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powers given to the states in teh 10th amendment

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concurrent powers

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powers held by the state and federal government and may be used @ the same time

aka powers shared by states and fed govern

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implied powers

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power 18 which gives congress the power to do what the need to

necessary and proper clause

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denied powers

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powers congress can't have (articel 1 section 9 of constitution)

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John Marshall

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defined national powers as a cheif justice

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nullification

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states can declare a federal law null and void (so they don't follow it)

can declare it unconsititutional

null- to cancel a federal law

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dual federalism

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views the national and state powers as remaining supreme within their own spheres of influence (each level is separate from the other)

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layer cake federalism

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dual federalism

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cooperative federalism

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national and state govenments share in policy making and solving problems

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marble cake federalism

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cooperative federalism

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creative federalism

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when the federal government has more control over the state and local governments

type of cooperative

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new federalism

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when more responsibilty is placed on the states about how grant money is spent

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competive federalism

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new federalism

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FDR (new deal)

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cooperative federalism

fdr gave $ to states to use for certain purposes- states had control

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LBJ (60s)

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creative federalism

fed govern in control of how the states spent $$$

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bush, regan, clinton

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new federalism

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104th congress

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devolution

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grants in aid

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fed funds provided to states and localities typically for airports, highways, edu, and welfare services

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categorical grants

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fed grants for specific purposes defined by federal law that require states to match some part of the grant (matching funds can be small)

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block grants

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grants of $$ from fed government to states for programs in certain general areas rather than for specific kinds of programs

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revenue sharing

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a law providing for the distribution of a fixed amount to the states for spending on almost any govern. purpose (ended in 1986)

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mandates

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rules imposed by the federal government on states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs

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unfunded mandates

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mandates not funded/ paid for by the government

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conditions of aid

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federal rules attached to the grants that states recieve

states must agree to abide by these rules in order to recieve these grants

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second order devolution

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a flow of power and responsibity from the states to the local government

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third order devolution

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the increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation

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referendum

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a procedure that enables voters to reject a measure adpoted by the legislature

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recall

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a procedure where voters can remove an elected offical from office

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initiative

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allows voters to pleace legislative measures directly on the ballot by getting enough signuatures on a petition

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john c calhoun

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someone who revived the doctorine of the nullication in opposition to a federal tariff and to slavery

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virginia and kentucky resolutions

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when congress passed laws (1798) to punish newspaper editiors who publish stories against the federal government, james madison and thomas jeffereson opposed the laws. in the resolutions, they suggested that the states had the rightto nullify a federal law that they thought violated the constitution.

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labs of democracy

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experiment something (like EOGs) with small levels before applying to national government

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regulatory federalism

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when the fed govern puts regulations on businesses (environmental, civil rights, work place safety)