Federalism

Front 1

the power of the federal government today is...

Back 1

vastly more powerful

Front 2

Under a unitary system of government, the central (national) government can...

Back 2

alter or eliminate lower levels of government. This is not true of a federal system

Front 3

In the United States, the interstate highway system and services to the unemployed are examples of governmental services seen as _________ __________ which are regulated by the federal government

Back 3

state functions

Front 4

Under federalism, the costs of political participation tend ti be _________, which is certainly one factor in explaining the...

Back 4

lower

increase in political activism at the local level.

Front 5

Which amendment was meant to assure the states of their powers?

Back 5

10th

This assurance was not in the original document becayse it was assumed to be obvious.

Front 6

When the ____________ was written, no __________ existed as to what type of interstate commerce would be regulated.

Back 6

Constitution

consensus

Front 7

Who was the most consistent supporter of a strong federal government?

Back 7

Alexander Hamilton

Front 8

Who was more in favor of decentralizing both policial and economic power?

Back 8

Thomas Jefferson

Front 9

One of the issues ultimately settled by the Civil War is the _________________________ __________________________, and that source is _____ _________.

Back 9

source of the sovereignty of the national government

the people

Front 10

Who was the first Chief Justice whose decisions greatly increased the power of the national government?

Back 10

John Marshall

Front 11

McCulloch v Maryland is noteworthy for three reasons:

Back 11

a) it cemented the concept of implied powers
b)it denied to the states any taxing power over federal property
c)it established national supremacy over the states

Front 12

Who advanced the idea of states rights by arguing the concept of nullification?

Back 12

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Front 13

the concept of Nullification

Back 13

states had the right to nullify federal laws within their boundaries if they thoguht the laws to be unconstitutional

Front 14

From which debate did the doctrine of dual federalism come from?

Back 14

Debate over the subject of commerce

Front 15

What is dual federalism?

Back 15

a concept which in essence created two distinct, sovereign, spheres

Front 16

The idea of interstate commerce includes..

Back 16

almost any kind of economic activity

Front 17

Initiative

Back 17

device by which legislation can originate with the people, and be placed on the ballot for voter approval

Front 18

Referendum

Back 18

device by which voters have the final say on legislation which originated with the lawmaking body

Front 19

Recall

Back 19

device by which exists in about one-third of the states, which allows the voters to remove an elected offical

Front 20

Which case is an example of the national government deciding it was better to cede to the states a power that legally was held at the national level

Back 20

The Tidelands Oil Reserves Case

Front 21

Wilson claims that the grant-in-aid system grew rapidly becuase it helped to...

Back 21

resolve the problem of how to get federal money into state hands without violating the Constitution

Front 22

Wilson cites three ways why grant-in-aid systems grew

Back 22

a) it made sense for the states to use federal money rather than their own taxes
b)the federal government did have the money to spend
c)the federal government always has the option to print money if need be. the states can't

Front 23

Federal money became attractive for three reasons

Back 23

a)at one time the federal government actually had budget surpluses
b)to the states it seemed like "free money"
c)the federal income tax was seen as a huge generator of public funds

Front 24

What were the first form of grant-in-aid to the states

Back 24

Land grants

Front 25

In the 1960s and 1970s, the allocation of federal grants was dominated by...?

Back 25

the perception of national needs on the part of federal officals

Front 26

In accepting all this federal money, state governors were forgetting an old axim:

Back 26

there's no such thing as a free lunch

Front 27

Between 1960 and 1955, federal grants for transportation, as a proportion of all federal grants...

Back 27

deceased more than any other grant category

Front 28

intergovernmental lobby

Back 28

a reference to state and local officals attempting to lobby the national government

Front 29

categorical grant

Back 29

a transfer of federal funds to states which are designed for a specific purpose

Front 30

block grant

Back 30

reference to a group of categorical or project grants

Front 31

Block grants were designed to resolve the problem of..?

Back 31

adapting categorical grants to local needs

Front 32

Federal grants over which local officals have wide discretion are called..?

Back 32

revenue sharing funds

Front 33

Community Development Block Grants, LEAA, and CETA, were categorical grant programs which

Back 33

were aimed specifically at cities

Front 34

According to Wilson, revenue-sharing and block grants experienced only marginal success because

Back 34

of the strings which the federal government began attaching to them

Front 35

When money in the form of categorical grants is involved,

Back 35

political manuvering and lobbying by local officals will be the most intensive

Front 36

General revenue-sharing funds are available to

Back 36

all communities regardless of per capita income level

Front 37

Categorical grants are especially crucial to

Back 37

those agencies which rely on them for their funding

Front 38

Block grants which have the best prospects for surviving budgetary cutbacks are those in which

Back 38

large chunks of money are concentrated in just a few areas

Front 39

A federal mandate is

Back 39

a demand by the federal government that a state or locality take certain steps regardless of who funds it

Front 40

unfunded mandates

Back 40

is a reference to federal demands that have no accompanying federal funds. funding is essentially dumped into the laps of the states

Front 41

a mandate is not the same thing as a

Back 41

condition-of-aid

Front 42

in 1995, a law passes requiring the CBO to

Back 42

idenitify any bill, amendment, or conference report that would impose any new mandate of more than $50 million on any state or local governing body