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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Sovereign
having supreme rank, power, or authority.
Rule of Law
That individuals, persons and government shall submit to, obey and be regulated by law, and not arbitrary action by an individual or a group of individuals.
Rule of Man
Rule of man is absence of rule of law. It is a society in which one person, or a group of persons, rules arbitrarily.
Monarchy
A form of government in which a hereditary sovereign has absolute authority.
Oligarchy
A form of government in which all power is vested in an elite few.
Democracy
A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents.
Republic
A state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them.
Constitutionalism
A government in which power is distributed and limited by a system of laws that must be obeyed by the rulers.
Anarchy
A state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority.
Totalitarianism
A form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life.
Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
Fascism
An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
Communism
A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Limited Government
A government where the government's power over individuals has limitations, that government officials are restrained by law, and thus that individuals' rights and liberties are protected against governmental power.
Divine Right of Kings
The doctrine that states that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects.
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Martin Luther
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds.
Puritans
A member of a group of extreme English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries wanted to "purify" the Church of England from within.
The Enlightenment
A cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century that's purpose was to reform society using reason (rather than tradition, faith and revelation) and advance knowledge through science.
Sir Isaac Newton
A mathematician and physicist who demonstrated the power of science to debunk ideas based on magic and superstition.
Natural Law
An assertion that the laws governing human behavior are derived from human nature.
Thomas Hobbes
Political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings. The mind behind the Social Contract Theory.
John Locke
Widely known as the Father of Liberalism, he was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. A proponent of the Social Contract Theory.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought.
Social Contract Theory
A political theory that implies that the people give up sovereignty to a government or other authority in order to receive or maintain social order through the rule of law.
Representative Government
A form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people.
Liberty
The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.
Religious Freedom
A principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
Economic Freedom
Freedom to engage in economic transactions, without government interference but with government support of the institutions necessary for that freedom, including rule of law, sound money, and open markets.
Political Freedom
Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression.
Equality
The fact of being equal, of having the same value; The equal treatment of people irrespective of social or cultural differences.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Consent of the Governed
A phrase synonymous with a political theory wherein a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people or society over which that power is exercised.
Self-determination
The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.
Liberal
A person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties.
Conservative
A political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports minimal and gradual change in society.
Libertarian
One that embraces individual liberty over state (governmental) authority, both in the realm of economic activity and personal or social activity.
Political Spectrum
The range of political thoughts, policies and approaches from the right to the left.