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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cross-Sectional Designs
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relatively quick,
can give age differences or age changes, Cohort-age related differences due to grouping by age |
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Longitudinal Designs
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follow the same people over a period of time,
observe individual consistencies and inconsistencies, one problem-practice effects on testing |
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Sequential Designs
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allow for comparison of cohorts while incorportaing some degree of individual differences,
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Case Studies
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in-depth examinations of individuals,
useful in making decisions about people, |
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Naturalistic Observations
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ovserve people in their normal environments
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Correlations
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Range -1.00 to +1.00,
describes the strength of the relaionship b/t two variables, |
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Positive Correlations
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high scores on one variable are usually accompanied by high scores on the other
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Negative Correlations
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Two variables that move in opposite directions
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Cross-Cultural Research
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universal changes in different cultures,
direct comparison of two or more cultures |
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Ethnography
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extensive study of one culture
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Quasi experiments
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compare groups without assigning the subjects randomly
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Original Sin
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Saint Augustine,
Humans are born selfish |
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Innate Goodness
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
people are basically good, children need only nurturance and protection to grow, deprivation leads to anger |
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The Blank Slate
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John Locke,
children passive recipients of experience, individual differences due to experience |
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G. Stanley Hall
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emphasis on norms or average ages at which developmental milestones occur
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Arnold Gesell
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Maturation
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Lifespan Perspective
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Paul Baltes,
important changes occur in each period of development, |
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Periods of Development
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Prenatal, Infancy,
Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence Early adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood |
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Nature vs Nature
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nature-biological influences are most important
nurture-enivornmental experiences are most important |
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Normative age graded changes
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social clock or physical changes
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Normative history graded
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cohort or generational effects
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Non-normative changes
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unique changes or differences
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Theories
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sets of statements that propose general principles of development
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Goals of Developmental Science
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Describe
Explain Predict Influence |
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Research Ethics
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protection from harm,
imformed consent, confidentiality, knowledge of results, deception |
