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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When new parents first bring their babies home from the hospital, they report the transition being difficult especially due to several things. Which of these is NOT one of the things they report being bothered by? a)how difficult it is to go places b)relatives and friends visiting for hours on end C) hard to express themselves sexually D)the baby’s interruption of their sleeping |
relatives and friends visiting for hours on end |
|
__________ parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members. |
Hierarchical |
|
goal of foster care |
to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home. |
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Working-class parents tend to use which model of parenting? |
the facilitation of natural growth |
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Married couples comprise fewer than _____ of families with a joint child under age 18. |
two-thirds |
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Lower-income parents are less likely to live in neighborhoods that value |
education |
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Some Muslim children who wear headscarves, called __________, may be subject to ridicule and discrimination. |
hijab |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the “facts” discussed in the text concerning fathers as primary parents? a)Primary-parent fathers have begun to organize support groups. B)Whether married or single, fathers as primary parents report facing isolation and stereotypes. C)About 5 percent of black and of non-Hispanic white children live with single fathers. D)About 20 percent of all U.S. children under age fifteen are living with single fathers. |
About 20 percent of all U.S. children under age fifteen are living with single fathers. |
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The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style? |
authoritative |
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Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists? |
authoritative |
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The text points out that children today face demands for achievement from schools, church, recreational organizations, peers and, of course, parents. This “scheduled hyperactivity can produce the “__________ child,” who is forced to assume too many challenges and responsibilities too soon. |
hurried |
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Which of these does your text NOT list as a factor influencing how new parents view their babies? A)the temperament of the baby B)self-esteem of the parents C)whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned D) the parents’ attitudes and overall mood |
whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned |
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It is estimated that about __________ U.S. children are in foster care. |
400,000 |
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According to the text, parents today face questions that would not have been imagined several decades ago. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions discussed in the text? a) How much fast food is too much? B)Does my toddler spend enough much time playing video games? d)Should I believe the teacher who says my child needs medication? e)Should baby boys be circumcised? |
Does my toddler spend enough much time playing video games? |
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Racial/ethnic stereotyping often gives us an exaggerated, negative image of __________ as parents. |
African Americans and Latinos |
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As wards of the court, foster children are financially supported by |
the state |
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Alice Rossi has observed that the transition to parenthood is more difficult than the transition to other adult roles for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a)Unlike other adult roles, the transition to parenthood is extremely gradual. B)Adjusting to parenthood necessitates changes in the couple’s emotional and sexual relationship. c)Most first parents approach parenting with little or no previous experience in child care. D)Parents are more likely than in the past to be geographically distant from relatives. |
Unlike other adult roles, the transition to parenthood is extremely gradual. |
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Compared to the average 29% for all Americans over 24 years old, 52% of which racial/ethnic group has completed four years of college or more? |
Asian American |
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Upper-middle-class parents tend to use which parenting style? |
authoritative |
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According to the text, spanking refers to |
hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury. |
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An estimated __________ Americans are taking care of their aging parents. |
34 million |
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A 2001 survey found found that approximately ___ percent of women agree that one can be a good mother and have a successful career. |
90% |
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Some career women choose to __________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time. |
“opt out” of |
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What type of women were the last women to move into the labor force. |
Mothers of young children |
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Men continue to dominate corporate America. In 2010, less than __________ percent of the highest-earning executives in Fortune 500 companies were women. |
3% |
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Policy researchers define child care as the full time education and care of children under age __________, and care before and after school for older children. |
six |
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In 2010, ____ percent of Americans said that marriages work better when the husband is breadwinner and the wife takes care of the house and children. |
30% |
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Social scientists have proposed alternative hypotheses for why women do more unpaid household labor. Which of the following is NOT one of those hypotheses? a)Partners’ relative earnings influence their division of household labor b)Gender roles influence partners’ division of household labor c)The partner with less power in the relationship can escape undesirable household labor d)The relative time available to each partner influences the division of household labor |
The partner with less power in the relationship can escape undesirable household labor |
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Home-based work has |
increased significantly over the past few decades. |
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__________ involves flexible starting and ending times with required core hours. |
flextime |
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Huston and Melz called both Bland and Tempestuous unions __________ because these two marriage types evidenced only one of two desirable attributes. |
“mixed blessing marriages” |
|
Conflict is |
experienced in even the happiest of couples. |
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Social psychologist John Gottman identified “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” Which of the following is NOT one of these? a)contempt b)sabotage c)stonewalling d)criticism |
sabotage |
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Sociologist Judith Wallerstein conducted lengthy interviews with 50 predominantly white, middle-class couples in northern California. In order to participate, both husband and wife had to define their marriage as |
happy |
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Douglas and Rhonda have agreed upon a time and a place for a fight. However strange this may appear, Douglas and Rhonda have followed the guideline that the text calls |
arguing “by appointment.” |
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What false belief is detrimental to a relationship? |
Your partner should automatically know how you think and feel. |
|
ENRICH and PREP are training programs for married couples that emphasize |
couple communication. |
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Emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT which of the following? a)willingness to repair our hurt feelings B)sensitivity to the needs and feelings of others c) awareness of what we’re feeling d)the ability to analyze the situation intelligently |
the ability to analyze the situation intelligently |
|
The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as |
family cohesion. |
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Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of |
passive-aggression. |
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) has _______ over the past several decades. |
declined significantly |
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Both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to create |
distance and loneliness for both spouses. |
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In a traditional society, __________ is legitimate power. |
male authority |
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Family violence makes up about _____ percent of all violence. |
11%
|
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George is a high-school senior and wants very much to go to college. His mother and father promise to pay his tuition, provided he agrees to attend the school of their choice. George’s mother’s and father’s behavior illustrate which source of power? |
reward |
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The text points out that men may abuse the women in their lives, using fear and intimidation in an attempt to gain control. This type of violence has been called |
intimate terrorism. |
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When women kill a partner, it is usually |
out of desperation to exit a violent relationship. |
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If women are the primary victims of male intimate partner violence, this outcome is referred to as |
asymmetrical. |
|
Battered women’s lack of personal power begins with |
fear |
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What body of literature is the primary basis for Bureau of Justice Statistics reports on intimate-partner violence? |
National Crime Victimization Survey |
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Which theoretical perspective views many causes of family stress as originating outside the family, such as in the family’s neighborhood or workplace? |
family ecology |
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A study of alcoholic families found that adult children of alcoholics who came from families that __________ were less likely to become alcoholics themselves. |
had maintained family dinner and other rituals |
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After families reorganize following a crisis, the text cites three possible scenarios. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a)The families may have been so weakened by the crisis that they function only at a reduced level. b)The families may have been stimulated by the crisis to reorganize in a way that makes them more effective. c)The families may function at about the same level as before. d)The families completely dissolve. |
The families completely dissolve. |
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Which sociologist proposed the ABC-X family crisis model? |
Reuben Hill |
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According to the text’s definition, which of the following is an illustration of family crisis? a)paying tuition for a child’s college education b)deciding whether a loved one who is near death should be taken off life support c) moving to a different neighborhood d)feeling that there is not enough time for various family activities |
deciding whether a loved one who is near death should be taken off life support |
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Ambiguous loss may occur when a family member is physically present but psychologically absent, as in all BUT which of the following cases? a)learning disabled children b) alcoholic or mentally ill family members c)children with cognitive impairment or severe disabilities d)those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease |
learning disabled children |
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As one source of crisis-meeting skills, each family or family system has a level of resources, including bonds of trust, appreciation, and support, called __________. |
family harmony |
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According to estimates by the American Psychiatric Association, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been diagnosed in ____ percent of U.S. school children |
3-7% |
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Dealing with the experience of a family who is trying to adjust to sending the youngest child off to college illustrates which theoretical perspective? |
family development |
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The text points out that adding a family member is stressful because doing so involves |
family boundary changes. |
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In order to obtain a divorce when a couple has a covenant marriage, fault must be proven. Which of the following is NOT one of the examples given by the text as “fault,” or justification for divorce? a)physical or sexual abuse b)adultery c)imprisonment for a felony d) lack of domestic skills |
lack of domestic skills |
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More than __________ of all divorces involve children under eighteen, and about 40 percent of children born to married parents will experience marital disruption. |
half |
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Income loss has been found to __________ the likelihood of divorce. |
increase |
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According to the most recent data available, there are approximately ____ noncustodial mothers in the United States. |
2 million |
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Split custody, in which each parent has physical custody of at least one child, remains uncommon and only occurs in about ___ percent of divorce cases. |
2-4% |
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Wallerstein found that __________ of the children in her study had experienced a second divorce of one or both parents. |
half |
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Between __________ percent of first marriages are likely to end in divorce. |
40-50% |
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Children of divorce also are more likely to have been _____ meaning they were forced to take on adult responsibilities before they were developmentally mature enough to handle them. |
“parentified” |
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There are_____ social, moral, and legal constraints on divorce than in the past. |
far fewer |
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Generally, evidence suggests that adult children of divorced parents feel less obligation to their parents. Social scientists have posited four reasons for these findings. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a)The reciprocal obligations may be less clear. b)Adult children of divorce are more likely to suffer from mental disorders. c)Children reared in divorced, single-parent families may have received fewer resources from their custodial parent than did their friends in intact families. d)Strain may weaken subsequent relations between adult children and their parents. |
Adult children of divorce are more likely to suffer from mental disorders. |
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What is one of the reasons offered in the text for the slight decline in remarriage rates? |
Many divorced persons who would have remarried in the past are now cohabiting in stepfamilies. |
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The stepmother role has been described as the “stepmother ________.” |
trap |
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Originally, the text points out, the term stepparent applied to |
a person who replaces a dead parent. |
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Eventually, a stepfamily might achieve integration and appreciate its unique identity. This is known as the _________ stage in Papernow’s seven-stage model of stepfamily development. |
resolution |
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The text highlights some key points to consider when a person is contemplating entering a steprelationship. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a) Plan ahead. b)Avoid discussing the changes remarriage will bring with your children. c)Understand that there are bound to be periods of doubt, frustration, and resentment. d)Give your children ample opportunity to get to know your future spouse well. |
Avoid discussing the changes remarriage will bring with your children. |
|
Women’s remarriage rate is __________ men’s. |
considerably lower than |
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Family systems theory emphasizes __________ in family relationships. |
interdependence |
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According to the text, the nuclear-family model a)applies to some remarried families. b)does not work well for most remarried families. c)is irrelevant to remarried families. d) is most appropriate for remarried families. |
does not work well for most remarried families. |
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The text points to various differences between stepfamilies and first marriages with children. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a) excessive family loyalty b) the balance of power is different c)a complicated “supra-family system” D) preexisting parent-child coalitions |
excessive family loyalty |
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About _____ percent of all children (5.3 million) are living in a married stepfamily with one biological parent and one stepparent. |
10% |
|
multipartnered fertility |
having children with more than one partner |
|
what percentage of families are single mom fams? |
25.9% |
|
resilient individuals |
demonstrate the capacity to recover from or rise above adverse situations/events -kids are typically resilient |
|
paradox of parenting |
-new parents often feel overwhelmed -motivation to overcome stress comes from the stressor -child=love, joy, satisfaction |
|
Psychological Parent |
Holds major emotional responsibility for safety and upbringing |
|
what percentage of births occur to unmarried women |
40% |
|
social fathers |
nonbiological fathers in the role of fathers (stepfathers) |
|
what percentage of families are single dads |
5% |
|
Authoritarian |
-low emotional warmth/support -high parental direction/control -likely to spank kids or harsh punishments |
|
Permissive |
-low parental control/direction -high emotional support -indulgent parenting -spoiled kids -emotional neglect: low on both control and support |
|
Authoritative |
-thoritative -positive parenting -warm, firm, fair -combine emotional support and conscience parental direction -kids do better in school and are socially competent |
|
Socioeconomic status (SES) |
one’s position in society, measured by edu., occupation, and/or income |
|
commuter marriages: |
partners live apart for significant periods of time due to work responsibilities |
|
qualities of family cohesion |
-communicate appreciation for one another -high degree of commitment to promoting one another’s happiness and welfare -arrange personal schedules so they can do things together -able to deal positively with crises -have some spiritual orientation -have positive communication patterns |
|
contempt |
feeling that one’s spouse is inferior or undesirable |
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criticism |
involves making disapproving judgement or evaluations of one’s partner |
|
Defensiveness |
preparing to defend oneself against what one presumes is an upcoming attack |
|
stonewalling |
involves resistance/refusing to take a partner’s complaints seriously |
|
belligerence |
a behavior that challenges the other’s power/authority |
|
report talk |
conversation aimed mainly at conveying information -usually used by men more than women |
|
rapport talk |
peaking to gain/reinforce rapport or intimacy -used more by women |
|
personal power or autonomy |
power exercised over oneself |
|
social power |
ability of people to exercise their wills over the wills of others |
|
parental power: |
power between parents and children |
|
marital or conjugal power |
power between married partners |
|
equality |
feelings of fairness |
|
equity |
whether rewards of the relationship feel subjectively proportional to each partner’s contributions |
|
coercive power |
based on dominant partner’s ability to punish partner with psychological, emotional, or physical abuse |
|
reward power |
based on ability to give material or nonmaterial gifts/favors |
|
expert power: |
stems of dominant partner’s superior judgement, knowledge, ability |
|
informational power: |
based on the persuasive content of what the dominant partner tells another individual |
|
referent power |
based on less dominant partner’s emotional identification with the dominant partner |
|
legitimate power |
based on the individual’s ability to claim authority |
|
intimate partner violence (IPV) |
physical or emotional abuse of spouses of either gender |
|
cycle of violence |
3 consecutive phases: -violent episode: abuse and argument -calm period or “honeymoon phase”: says sorry and promises it won’t happen again -tension buildup: anger, blaming, argument still occurring |
|
emotional abuse |
verbal threats, routinely making comments that damage a partner’s self esteem |
|
reproductive coercion |
behavior related to reproductive health that is used to maintain power and control in a relationship |
|
child maltreatment |
both abuse and neglect of a child |
|
sexual child abuse: |
child is forced, tricked, coerced by an older person into sexual behavior for the purposes of sexual gratification or financial gain |
|
incest |
sexual relations between related individuals |
|
stress: |
state of tension that arises when demands test or tax a family’s capabilities |
|
crisis |
a situation in which the usual behavior patterns are ineffective and new ones are called for immediately |
|
structural functionalist perspective |
fam crisis threatens to disrupt a fam’s ability to perform critical functions |
|
family development perspective: |
typically analyzes family’s transitions |
|
family ecology perspective |
many causes of fam stress originate outside the family -how external factors can result in fam crisis |
|
family system framework |
family is a system -all members in fam must adapt together |
|
interactionist perspective: |
focuses on how fams define situations as stressful or not |
|
stressors |
demands put upon a fam that cause stress and sometimes precipitate a fam crisis |
|
ABC-x model |
-A (stressor event) interacting with -B (fam’s ability to cope with a crisis) interacting with -C (fam’s appraisal of the stressor event) produces -x (the crisis) |
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Refined Divorce Rate |
number of divorces per 1,000 married women |
|
crude divorce rate |
number of divorces per 1,000 population -this pop. includes children and unmarried |
|
starter marriage |
first marriage that ends within the first few years, usually without kids |
|
silver divorce |
divorce in later years |
|
income needs ratio |
how well income meets financial needs |
|
life stress perspective |
accumulation of stressors results in problems for children of divorce |
|
parental loss perspective |
assumes both parents in the same house is best for kids |
|
parental adjustment perspective |
quality of parenting is important in kids’ adjustment to divorce |
|
economic hardship perspective |
assumes the eco. hardship caused is responsible for problems faced by the kids with divorced parents |
|
interparental conflict perspective: |
conflict between parents is responsible for the lowered well being of kids in divorce
|
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selection perspective: |
at least some of the kids’ problems after the divorce were present before the marriage
|
|
fam system theory |
emphasizes interdependence in family relationships |
|
active life expectancy |
the period of life free of disability |
|
bereavement |
manifests itself in physical, emotional, intellectual symptoms |
|
Sandwich Generation |
parents paying for kids in college and caring for elderly parents -finances: college, caregivers, saving for retirement |
|
custodial grandparent |
parent of the custodial parent |
|
noncustodial grandparent |
parent of the noncustodial parent |
|
latent kin matrix: |
web of continually shifting linkages that provide potential for activating and intensifying close kin relations |