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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two types of hair?
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vellus-short finne hair
terminal-coarse pigmented hair |
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what is atopy
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a predisposition to allergic reactions to any number of chemical agents
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what is a macule?
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a non palpable (no elevation, no depression) area of color change. <1cm
Like a small patch |
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what is a papule
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a elevated area <1cm
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what is a patch?
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a non-palpable (no elevation, no depression) area of color change >1cm
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what is a plaque?
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an elevated, flat topped skin lesion, >1cm
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what is a wheal?
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an elevated area of edema. usually transient
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what is a vesicle?
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an elevated lesion filled with serous fluid (<1cm)
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what is a nodule?
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a firm lesion 1-2 cm diameter
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what is a bulla?
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a fluid filled lesion <1 cm
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what is a pustule?
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an elevated lesion with purulent fluid (i.e. acne)
variable size |
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what is a cyst?
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an elevated encapsulated lesion in the dermis
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what is telengiectasia?
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fine irregular red lines (capillary dilation)
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what is scale?
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heaped up keratinized cells (can overly macules, papules, plaques)
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what is Crust?
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collection of debris (serum, blood, pus)
i.e. scabs |
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what is lichenification?
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thickened epidermis secondary to rubbing/itching
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what is excoriation?
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linear loss of epidermis due to scratching
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what is scar?
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fibrous tissue replacing normal skin
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what is keloid scarring?
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irregular shaped scars that progressively enlarge (excessive collagen formation)
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what is erosion?
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focal loss of epidermis (not dermis)
depression |
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what is an ulcer?
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loss of epidermis AND dermis
concave |
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what is skin atrophy?
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thinning of epidermis and/or dermis
skin is translucent |
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what are the three stages of hair growth?
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anagen (growth)
catagen (atrophy) telogen (resting) |
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what are the parts of the nail?
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paronychium (skin fold around nail)
nail bed cuticle/eponychium (stratum corneum over nail root |
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what are the patterns of involvement for skin lesions?
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annular-ring
grouped/herpetiform - like herpes serpiginous - with a wavy/indented margin linear arciform diffuse |
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where is the angle of louis?
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at the jct of Rib 2 to the manubrium
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the inferior angle of the scapula is at what rib level?
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rib 7
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where does the trachea bifurcate?
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at the level of rib 2 (angle of Louis)
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what are the three different areas of normal breath sounds and how are they different?
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vesicular (all over lung)
bronchovesicular bronchial vesicular: inspiration longer bronchovesicular: insp and exp equal bronchial: expiration longer than insp |
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what is the difference between wheezes and rhonchi?
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wheezes are higher pitched than rhonchi
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how will lung auscultation be abnormal in a consolidated area?
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lung sounds quiter
bronchophony (fremitus-blue moon) LOUDER Egophony ("e" louder) Whispered pectoriliquoy accentuated |
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what are the possible sounds for lung percussion?
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dull (consolidation/pneumonia, fluid in pleural space)
resonant (normal) hyperresonant (COPD) Tympanitic (pneumothorax) |
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what would cause increased fremitus?
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consolidation (pneumonia without atelectasis)
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what would cause decreased fremitus?
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thickened chest wall
pleural effusion COPD pneumothorax |
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how do breath and spoken sounds change over a consolidated area?
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breath sounds decrease
spoken sounds increase |
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what is pulsus alternans?
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when the pulse amplitude alternates between high and low
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where do you listen for S2 splitting?
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in the pulmonic area (2nd left intercostal space)
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what is physiologic splitting of S2?
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on INSPIRATION, Aortic sound comes before Pulmonic sound
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what is paradoxical splitting of S2?
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on EXPIRATION, Pulmonic sound comes before Aortic sound
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what is a paradoxical pulse
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if during inspiration, systolic blood pressure drops more than 10 mmHg
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what does it mean if anisicoriahe dark? is greater in t
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sympathetic dysfx
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what does it mean if anisicoria is greater in the light
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parasympathetic dysfx
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