Fatty Acid Metabolism- Oxidatoin

Front 1

Overview of Fatty Acid Breakdown

Back 1

sequential removal of 2C as Acetyl coA to feed into TCA Cycle

Front 2

First stage to prep for Oxidation

Creation of Acyl-CoA
i.e. activation, a fatty acid connected to a COA

Back 2

Fatty acids must get activated to CoA derivative before oxidation, happens in cytosol
1=fatty acid + ATP~acyladenylate and PPI (cleaved to drive rxn)
acyl adenylate + CoA~Acyl CoA and AMP released
Now fatty acid activated in acyl Co A form and ready to head to matrix for oxidation
Different enzymes catalyze this for different length fatty acids

Front 3

Get loaded Acyl CoA into matrix

If more than 14C needs help

Back 3

Carnitine shuttle

1=Outside matrix Carnitine takes acyl group form COA (CAT1=carnatine acyl trasferase)
2=acyl carnatine taken across mito membrane into matrix (translocase)
3=Acyl carnatine gives acyl group back to CoA inside matrix (CAT 2)

*major regulated step in oxidation is the transfer into matrix by CAT1*

Front 4

Fatty Acid oxidation

4 steps

Back 4

oxidation
hydration
oxidation
cleavage

Front 5

Oxidation

Back 5

Acy CoA hydrogenase removes 2 H's and puts them on FAD

Front 6

Hydration

Back 6

Enoyl Co A hydratase adds H20

Front 7

Oxidation

Back 7

beta hydroxyacly CoA dehydrondenase removes H and drops on NAD

Front 8

Cleavage

Back 8

acyl-CoA acetyltransferase releases Actyl Co A

now can be fed into TCA cycle

Front 9

Interaction with Coenzyme Q

Back 9

the FAD from the first oxidation step here can drop the e- on Coenzyme Q which is a complex 2 in the ETC

Front 10

Monounsaturated fatty Acids

Enoyl Co A Isomerase

Back 10

our machinery deals with cis double bonds

This enzyme changes cis to trans so we can oxidize them

Front 11

poly unsaturated fatty acids

2 Enzymes to convert cis to trans

Back 11

enoyl-CoA isomerase does the first cis, same as with monounsaturated

2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase

Front 12

Odd Chain Fatty Acids

Back 12

Can be dealt with like normal, until the end where there are only 3 remaining carbons (Propionyl-CoA)

Solution to this problem is the addition of another carbon

Front 13

Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation

Back 13

Malonly C0A=inhibits carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CAT-1) which takes malonyl into matrix