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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes up fascia or fascial sheaths?
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layers of dense connective tissue
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What makes up fascial spaces/planes
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relatively loose connective tissue; they are potential spaces where fluid may collect or spread through.
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Superficial fascia
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Just deep to the skin.
Contains the MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION |
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3 deep cervical fascias
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Investing fascia (superficial layer of deep cervical fascia)
Pretrachial fascia (visceral fascia) Prevertebral fascia |
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Suprasternal Space of Burns
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Before the investing fascia attaches to the MANUBRIUM, it splits into 2 layers-- the small space between these 2 layers.
The jugular venous arch traverses this space. |
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Limits of pretracheal fascia
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superiorly: attached to hyoid bone and also to thyroid cartilage.
inferiorly: deep to the attachment of the infrahyoid muscles at the manubrium. Laterally/posteriorly: forms part of CAROTID SHEATH |
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Structures encased in the pretracheal fascia
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visceral unit: trachea, larynx, esophagus, thyroid gland
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pretracheal fascia also known as....
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visceral fascia
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fascial spaces formed by pretracheal fascia
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pretracheal space
visceral compartment |
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pretracheal space
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(formed by pretracheal fascia)
space anterior and lateral to the trachea & esophagus; contains the THYROID GLAND. Extends from hyoid bone superiorly to the superior mediastinum inferiorly. |
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Visceral compartment =
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= pretracheal space + retroesophageal space
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retroesophageal fascia
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thin facia behind the esophagus
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buccopharyngeal fascia
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thick visceral layer at the pharynx; forms the outermost layer of the pharyngeal wall.
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Retrovisceral space contains what 2 spaces?
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retroesophageal space
retropharyngeal space |
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retroesophageal space
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space posterior to hte esophagus and its fascia-- BETWEEN FASCIA ON ESOPHAGUS AND ALAR FASCIA.
Continuous with the superior mediastinum. |
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retropharyngeal space
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space posterior to the pharyngeal wall-- between the BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA AND ALAR FASCIA.
continuous with retroesophageal space and thus the superior mediastinum. |
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Origin of infections in pretracheal space from....
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thyroid gland
esophagus spread from retrovisceral space |
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infection from pretracheal space spreads to....
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directly into superior mediastinum
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infection from retrovisceral space spreads to...
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directly into superior mediastinum or into pretracheal space
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What is the posterior layer of the deep cervical fascia?
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prevertebral fascia
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Anterior and posterior laminae
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travel anterior to the bodies of the vertebrae and attach to the transverse processes of the other side.
anterior lamina = alar fascia posterior lamina = prevertebral fascia |
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what does the prevertebral fascia encase?
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vertebrae and the posterior neck muscles and prevertebral muscles
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Danger space
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space between the prevertebral and alar fascias, anterior to the bodies of the vertebrae.
Extends from base of skull to the superior mediastinum. Lateral boundary: carotid sheath |
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Where does the prevertebral fascia fuse with the retrovisceral fascia?
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About T3-T4; prevertebral fascia is continuous with the axillary fascia surrounding axillary artery and brachial plexus in axilla (armpit).
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Danger space gets infection from where?
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erosion through the alar fascia from the retropharyngeal space.
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Danger space infection spreads where?
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inferiorly directly into superior mediastinum.
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What nerves/vessels are found in the carotid sheath?
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common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
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Investing fascia at the body of the mandible
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splits into 2 laminae as it comes near the inferior border of the body:
posterior lamina: attaches to inner aspect of mandible anterior lamina: attaches to outside surface of mandible |
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the space of body of mandible extends from where to where?
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extends from the symphysis menti (most mesial aspect of mandible) to the masseter muscle
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Infections in the space of body of mandible arise from where?
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anterior mandibular teeth
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Masseteric fascia
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lies on the surface of the masseter muscle and attaches superiorly to the zygomatic arch
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pterygoid fascia
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lies on the medial surface of the medial pterygoid muscle. Attaches superiorly to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.
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Temporalis fascia
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investing fascia superior to the zygomatic arch. Covers the temporalis muscle and attaches to the superior temporal line.
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What separates the parotid and submandibular glands?
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stylomandibular ligament
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Submandibular space
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Space inferior to the mylohyoid muscle.
Between hte mylohyoid and the investing fascia. |
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Masseteric fascia
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lies on the surface of the masseter muscle and attaches superiorly to the zygomatic arch
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Masseteric fascia
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lies on the surface of the masseter muscle and attaches superiorly to the zygomatic arch
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pterygoid fascia
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lies on the medial surface of the medial pterygoid muscle. Attaches superiorly to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.
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pterygoid fascia
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lies on the medial surface of the medial pterygoid muscle. Attaches superiorly to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.
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Temporalis fascia
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investing fascia superior to the zygomatic arch. Covers the temporalis muscle and attaches to the superior temporal line.
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Temporalis fascia
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investing fascia superior to the zygomatic arch. Covers the temporalis muscle and attaches to the superior temporal line.
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What separates the parotid and submandibular glands?
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stylomandibular ligament
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What separates the parotid and submandibular glands?
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stylomandibular ligament
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Submandibular space
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Space inferior to the mylohyoid muscle.
Between hte mylohyoid and the investing fascia. |
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Submandibular space
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Space inferior to the mylohyoid muscle.
Between hte mylohyoid and the investing fascia. |
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Submental space
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that part of the submandibular space in the submental TRIANGLE.
Separates the 2 submandibular spaces. |
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Origin of infections in submandibular space
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-from 2nd and 3rd mand molar infections
-from sublingual space infections -from submandibular gland |
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Spread of infection from submandibular space
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-to submental space --> contralateral submandibular space
-sublingual space around posterior free margin of mylohyoid muscle. -to lateral pharyngeal space |
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Sublingual space
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space between the mylohyoid muscle and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth.
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sublingual space contains....
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sublingual gland, part of the submandibular gland and duct, lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve, sublingual artery
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Origin of infections in sublingual space
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-from infections of mand 1st molar and mand PM's
-from submandibular space infections -from infections of the sublingual gland, tongue, floor of mouth, submandibular duct |
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Spread of infection from sublingual space
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-to contralateral sublingual space
-to submandibular space around posterior free margin of mylohyoid muscle -to lateral pharyngeal space |
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Submasseteric (masseteric) space
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potential space between masseter and the lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
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pterygomandibular space
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potential space between medial pterygoid and medial surface of mandible.
location of lingual and inferior alveolar nerves. site of inferior alveolar or mandibular blocks/injections |
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origin of masticator space infections
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-mand 2nd and 3rd molars
-post extraction swelling of wisdom teeth extractions -contaminated needle used from mandibulae block injection. |
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spread of infection from masticator space
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-lateral pharyngeal space
-temporal space -space of parotid gland |
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major sign and symptom of masticator space infection
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trismus
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the 2 spaces of the temporal space and what divides them
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-deep temporal space/pouch
-superficial temporal space/pouch temporalis muscle divides them |
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the deep temporal and superficial temporal spaces are continuous inferiorly with....(2)
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-submasseteric space
-pterygomandibular space |
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origin of temporal space infection
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spread from masticator space
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spread of temporal space infection
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to masticator space
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Ludwig's Angina
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bilateral infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces-- majority arise from dental infection of mand molar and PM teeth
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Buccal space
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space between skin of cheek laterally and buccinator muscle medially.
Anteriorly: labial musculature Posteriorly: pterygomandibular raphe superiorly: zygomatic arch inferiorly: lower border of mandible |
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origin of buccal space infection
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-primarily from infected MAXILLARY molars/PM's whose apices are superior to buccinator attachment
-also from mandibular molars whose apices are inferior to buccinator attachment. |
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signs/symptoms of buccal space infection
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swelling WITHOUT trismus
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canine space
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space deep to the levator labii superioris muscle and associated area around the leavtor anguli oris muscle.
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Origin of canine space infections
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maxillary canines which break through bone superior to origin of levator anguli oris muscle
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signs/symptoms of canine space infection
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-swelling in labial sulcus
-loss of nasolabial folds |
