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205 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What items must a pilot have in his physical possession in order to operate an aircraft? |
61.3 (a) & (c) Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations
Pilot Certificate Photo I.D. Medical Certificate |
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If convicted of possessing drugs, what might be done regarding your certificate? |
61.15 (a) Offenses involving alcohol or drugs
Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year after conviction
Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization |
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What could happen regarding your certificate if you are caught hungover while flying? |
61.15 (b) Offenses involving alcohol or drugs
Denial of an application for a certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year
Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization |
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What might a result from two consecutive DUIs within 3 years? |
61.15 (d) Offenses involving alcohol or drugs
Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year after conviction
Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization |
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If you get a DUI and fail to submit a report to the FAA, what might be done with regard to your pilot certificate? |
61.15 (e) & (f) Offenses involving alcohol or drugs
Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year after conviction
Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization |
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If an FAA officer ramp checks you and suspects that you are intoxicated, must you submit to a BAC test? |
Technically no, but the repercussions are the same
61.16 Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or furnish test results
Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization for up to 1 year after conviction
Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization |
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To exercise the privileges of a commercial pilot certificate, which class medical certificate must you have? |
61.23 Medical certificates: Requirement and duration
2nd Class |
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If you got your 2nd Class medical certificate on January 18, 2017, when does a 2nd Class medical certificate expire for use as a commercial pilot? |
January 31, 2018
61.23 (d) Duration of a medical certificate
On the end of the last day of the 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate |
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What category, class, and type rating (if applicable) must you hold to operate an AS350B2 for compensation or hire? |
Rotorcraft Helicopter (no type rating needed because it is not a "large aircraft")
61.31 (a) & (c)
Unless a person holds a category, class, and type rating (if a type rating is required) that applies to the aircraft, that person may not act as PIC of an aircraft that is carrying another person, or is operated for compensation or hire.
That person also may not act as PIC of that aircraft for compensation or hire |
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In order to operate as PIC in an AS350B2, what must you hold? |
A certificate with the appropriate category and class (rotorcraft helicopter)
61.31 (d) Aircraft category, class, and type ratings
To serve as the PIC of an aircraft, a person must: Hold the appropriate category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown |
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What time must be recorded in your logbook? |
61.51 Pilot Logbooks a) Training time and aeronautical experience
Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review
The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience
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Does a 135 recurrency checkride count as a flight review? |
Yes
61.56 Flight Review
Must be minimum 1 hr ground 1 hr flight every 24 months in order to act as PIC, but:
(d) A person who has passed a pilot proficiency check or practical test within 24 months need not accomplish the flight review |
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In order to act as PIC carrying passengers, what are the recent flight experience requirements? |
61.57 Recent flight experience: PIC
No person may act as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers unless that person has made 3 takeoffs and 3 landings within the preceding 90 days and- The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; and The takeoffs and landings were conducted in an aircraft if the same category and class (type if req.)
*Except for paragraph (e) Exceptions
(3) This section does not apply to a PIC who is employed by a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 135 when the pilot is engaged in a flight operation under parts 91 and 135 if the PIC is in compliance with 135.243 (hour requirements for 135 pilot) and 135.247 (requires 3 takeoff and 3 landings as sole manipulator of controls in category and class still) |
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Am I currently ably to take passengers up for a night flight to the volcano (if approved by Safari)? |
No.
61.57 (b) Night takeoff and landing experience
No person may act as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise and- That person acted as sole manipulator of controls; and The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, (type).
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How long do you have to notify the FAA of a change in your permanent mailing address? |
30 days
61.60 Change of address
Holder of a pilot certificate who has made a change in Perkins by mailing address may not, after 30 days, exercise the privileges of certificate unless the holder has notified the FAA in writing |
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What does holding a commercial pilot certificate allow you to do? |
61.133 (a) Commercial pilot privileges and limitations
A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as PIC of an aircraft- Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to this operation; and For compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the ooeration
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Who is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of an aircraft? |
The PIC
91.3 (a) Responsibility and authority of the PIC
The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft |
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If you have to break a rule due to an emergency situation, must you send a written report to the FAA? |
Yes, but only if requested (under Part 91, but see 135.19)
91.3 (b) & (c) Responsibility and authority of the PIC
(b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the PIC may deviate from any rule if this part to the extent required to meet that emergency
(c) Each PIC who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written report if that deviation to the Administrator
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1/2 the amount allowed to drive. |
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Who is responsible for determining whether the aircraft is in condition of safe flight? |
The PIC
91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness
(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition
(b) The PIC is responsible for determining whether an aircraft is in condition due safe flight. The PIC shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur. |
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What must be done if the PIC finds the aircraft to be unairworthy due to, for example, a faulty altimeter? |
The PIC shall discontinue the flight
The PIC
91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness
(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition
(b) The PIC is responsible for determining whether an aircraft is in condition due safe flight. The PIC shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur. |
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Is it okay to "fly outside the envelope" in regard to operating limitations and placards specified in the Rotorcraft Flight Manual? |
No
91.9 Civil Aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements |
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Is it illegal for a passenger to intimidate or interfere with you as the pilot when operating an aircraft? |
Yes
91.11 Prohibition on interference with crewmembers
No person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crewmember in the performance of a crewmember's duties aboard an aircraft being operated. |
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Is it okay to drop flowers into the lava flow (outside of the national park)? |
Yes, as long as it doesn't create a hazard to persons or property
91.15 Dropping objects
No PIC may allow any object to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property. However, this section does not prohibit the dropping of any object if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property |
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According to the FARs, how long must you avoid consuming alcohol before flying? |
"8 hours bottle to throttle"
91.17 (1) Alcohol or drugs |
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Can you legally fly with a hangover? |
No. "Under the influence of alcohol" can be interpreted as being hungover
91.17 (a) (2) Alcohol or drugs
No person may act ur attempt to act as crewmember of a civil aircraft- While under the influence of alcohol
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You may not act as a crewmember with a BAC of ______ or greater |
0.04 |
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If a passenger says they had a beer during lunch while he boards your aircraft, are you allowed to fly with him onboard? |
Yes, as long as he doesn't appear to be intoxicated
91.17 (b) Alcohol or drugs |
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If a passenger smells like marijuana to the point where it is obvious he has some in his pocket, can you allow him onboard? |
No, not if you have knowledge that there will be a drug carried onboard the aircraft
91.19 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marijuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances |
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Your passenger asks you whether or not her phone needs to be set to "airplane mode." What is your response? |
It's not up to you (the PIC) if operating under an operating certificate, it’s up the the operator (Safari). If the operator (Safari) determines it will not cause interference with Nav. or Comm. equipment, then it is not necessary. Safari’s current policy is to set cellphones to “airplane mode”
91.21 Portable electronic devices |
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Before each flight, the PIC must become familiar with all available information concerning that flight, which must include: |
FADWAR
Fuel Alternate routes Delays Weather Aircraft performance Runway lengths |
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Must you, the PIC, keep your seatbelt fastened at all times? |
Yes, as long as you are at you station (pilot's seat)
91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations
(a) During takeoff and landing, and while en route, each required flight crewmember shall-- (2) Keep the safety belt fastened while at the crewmember station |
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Is it legal for Richard to fly without his shoulder harnesses? |
Yes, technically. If he cannot perform his required duties (i.e. reach the radio controls due to his huge belly, he may keep it unfastened
91.105 (b) Flight crewmembers at stations |
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If you land the helicopter after a tour and the FAA ramp checks you and notices one of your passengers did not fasten his seatbelt, are you in trouble? |
See (b) this section does not apply to operations conducted under part 135
No, you shouldn't be as long as you briefed the passengers on how to fasten and unfasten their seat belts and shoulder harness AND they were notified them to fasten their seat belt and safety harness.
91.107 Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems. |
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If you do a charter and your passengers ask if it's okay for them not to wear their seat belts, can you say, "yes." |
91.107 (b) states that the use of seat belts does not apply to operations conducted under part 135 *135.128 says they must wear it during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing |
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You are giving a tour and a fellow pilot has the rest of your passengers' family onboard his aircraft. Is it okay to conduct a formation flight? |
No. Even if you arrange the formation flight with the other PIC, you cannot carry out a formation flight when carrying passengers for hire.
91.111 Operating near other aircraft |
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When does an aircraft have the right-of-way over all other air traffic? |
When the aircraft is in distress
91.113 (c) Right-of-way rules: Except water operations |
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If you are converging with another helicopter at approximately the same altitude, who has the right-of-way? |
The aircraft to the other' right |
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If you look up from a lava flow and see a Cessna approaching head-on, which way should you swerve to avoid collision. |
Right. Each pilot shall alter course to the right
91.113 (e) Converging |
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If you want to pass a slower helicopter, on which side should you pass? Who has the right-of-way? |
91.113 (f) Overtaking
Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way and each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right to pass well clear. |
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If you and another helicopter both leave Rainbow Falls for landing at Hilo airport, who should have the right-of-way? |
Whichever aircraft is lower, but it shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of another which is on final approach to land
91.113 (g) Landing |
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What is the minimum safe altitude for helicopters under FAR part 91? |
An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
91.119 Minimum safe altitudes: general
(d) provided each person operating the helicopter complies with any routes or altitudes specifically prescribed for helicopters by the FAA |
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What should be done to the altimeter before operating an aircraft? |
When operating below 18,000', it should be set to the current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route within 100 NM of the aircraft.
91.121 Altimeter settings |
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Once you receive clearance from ATC, which are the only circumstances in which you may deviate from that clearance? |
- an amended clearance is obtained
- an emergency exists
- the deviation is in response to a TCAS advisory
91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions |
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What should you do if you are uncertain of a clearance given to you by ATC? |
Request clarification from ATC
91.123 (a) Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions |
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If you are given priority by ATC in an emergency, must you file a written report? If so, how many hours do you have to file it? |
Only if requested by ATC. If they do request a report, the report must be filed within 48 hours
91.123 (d) Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a steady green lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Cleared to land |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a flashing green lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Return for landing (to be followed by steady green at proper time) |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a steady green lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Cleared to land |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a flashing green lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Return for landing (to be followed by steady green at proper time) |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a steady red lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Give way to other aircraft and continue circling |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given a flashing red lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Airport unsafe- do not land |
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If your radio fails in flight and you are given an alternating red and green lightgun signal, what is tower telling you? |
Exercise extreme caution |
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Fill in the chart for Class G airspace |
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Fill in the table for Class E airspace |
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Fill in the table for Class D airspace |
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Fill in the table for Class C airspace |
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Fill in the table for Class B airspace |
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If Mauna Loa erupts and the lava flow starts destroying homes mauka Hilo, what can be expected with regards to flight over the area? |
You can expect the Administrator, upon request of the Governor of the State of Hawaii, to declare an inhabited area within a declared national disaster area in need of protection for humanitarian reasons to issue a TFR via NOTAM
91.138 Temporary flight restrictions in national disaster areas in the State of Hawaii |
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During your lunch break, you hear that Hilo tower is experiencing a full power outage due to a lightning strike. Where should you look to find information regarding flight in their controlled airspace? |
NOTAMs via 1-800-WXBrief (online or by phone)
91.139 Emergency air traffic rules |
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Your radio fails on a ferry flight enroute to Kahului. Can you land in Kahului? |
No, it's Class C airspace |
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Your radio fails enroute to Honolulu airport. Can you land there? |
No, it's Class B airspace |
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If the Blue Angels visit Hawaii for a demonstration, what can you expect with regards to the airspace they will be flying through? |
You can expect a TFR to be issued in the vicinity of the aerial demonstration
91.145 Management of aircraft operations in the vicinity of aerial demonstrations and major sporting events |
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What must an operator receive if conducting passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire that begin and end at the same airport and are conducted within a 25 SM radius of that airport? |
The operator must receive a Letter of Authorization (LOA) from the FSDO and comply with its provisions, including an Antidrug and Alcohol Misuse Prevention Program
91.147 Passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire |
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How much fuel is required for helicopters for flight in VFR conditions during the day? What about during night? |
Enough fuel to fly to the point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 20 mins. (Same for night)
91.151 Fuel Requirements for flight in VFR conditions Note: Safari’s policy is 30 mins extra fuel |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class B airspace? |
3 SM
Clear of clouds |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class C airspace? |
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class D airspace? |
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal? |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class E airspace? |
Less than 10,000' MSL:
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
At or above 10,000' MSL: 5 SM 1,000' below 1,000' above 1 SM horizontal |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class G airspace? |
1,200' AGL or less (regardless of MSL altitude) for helicopters:
Day-
1/2 SM
Clear of clouds
Night-
1 SM *unless in an airport traffic pattern within 1/2 mile of the runway or helipad of intended landing if the flight visibility is not less than 1/2 SM
Clear of clouds
More than 1,200' AGL but less than 10,000' MSL:
Day-
1 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
Night
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
More than 1,200' AGL and at or above 10,000' MSL
5 SM
1,000' below 1,000' above 1 SM horizontal
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What is the minimum ceiling to operate an aircraft at an airport? |
Less than 1,000' (Except when operating Special VFR)
91.155 (c) Basic VFR weather minimums |
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What is the minimum ground visibility to takeoff or land an aircraft or enter the traffic pattern of an airport under VFR? |
3 SM (Except for Special VFR) 91.155 (d) |
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What two things do you need in order to conduct Special VFR operations? |
1) ATC clearance 2) Operate clear of clouds
91.157 Special VFR weather minimums
*may not takeoff SVFR on a tour as per Hawaii Air Tours Common Procedures Manual |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class B airspace? |
3 SM
Clear of clouds |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class C airspace? |
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class D airspace? |
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal? |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class E airspace? |
Less than 10,000' MSL:
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
At or above 10,000' MSL:
5 SM
1,000' below 1,000' above 1 SM horizontal |
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What is the minimum flight visibility and distance from clouds when operating VFR in Class G airspace? |
1,200' AGL or less (regardless of MSL altitude) for helicopters:
Day-
1/2 SM
Clear of clouds
Night-
1 SM *unless in an airport traffic pattern within 1/2 mile of the runway or helipad of intended landing if the flight visibility is not less than 1/2 SM
Clear of clouds
More than 1,200' AGL but less than 10,000' MSL:
Day-
1 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
Night
3 SM
500' below 1,000' above 2,000' horizontal
More than 1,200' AGL and at or above 10,000' MSL
5 SM
1,000' below 1,000' above 1 SM horizontal
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If your radio fails in flight at the Pu'u O'o Vent, is it okay to fly back to Hilo airport and land? |
It is Class D Airspace, so yes you can provided:
- Weather is at or above basic VFR weather minimums
- Visual contact with tower is maintained
- Clearance to land is received
91.129 Operations in Class D airspace (d) Communications failure *** also see AIM 4-2-13 (3) |
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If the traffic pattern at an airport for an airplane is left traffic, in which direction should a helicopter's traffic pattern be flown? |
Right traffic.
91.126 (f) approaches
(2) avoid the flow of fixed-wing traffic, if operating a helicopter |
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Your radio fails on a ferry flight enroute to Kahului. Can you land in Kahului? |
No, it's Class C airspace |
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Your radio fails enroute to Honolulu airport. Can you land there? |
No, it's Class B airspace |
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What documents are required on board an aircraft prior to flight? |
A irworthiness certificate
R egistration certificate
O pertaing limitations (AFM/POH, placards, instrument markings)
W eight &a balance (specific to aircraft)
91.9 & 91.205 |
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What are the required instruments and equipment for VFR day flight? |
C ompass (magnetic direction indicator)
A irspeed indicator
M anifold pressure gauge (torque meter?)
A ltimeter
F uel gauge
O il pressure gauge
O il temperature gauge
T achometer for engine (Ng?)
S eat belts & shoulder harnesses
+ F lotation gear (& flare gun?) if operated beyond power off gliding distance (for hire only)
91.205 ...: Instrument and equipment requirements |
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What instruments and equipment are required for VFR night flight? |
CAMAFOOTS+F &
P osition lights
A nticollision light system
L anding light
A dequate source of electrical energy for all installed electrical and radio equipment
S pare set of fuses |
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According to the FARs, is an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) required to be onboard a helicopter? |
No. 91.207 specifies they are required for "airplanes" but makes no mention of "helicopters" or "aircraft"
91.207 Emergency locator transmitters
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If you are flying a charter on a hazy, voggy night and your strobe light is causing flicker vertigo, is it acceptable to turn the strobe off? |
Yes, if you (PIC) determine that, because of operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to turn the lights off
91.209 Aircraft lights |
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Are the supplemental oxygen requirements the same under FAR parts 91 and 135? |
No.
91.211 Supplemental Oxygen requires (in short):
Above 12,500' up to & including 14,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 14,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen
Above 15,000' MSL- Passengers provided oxygen
135.89 Pilot Requirements: Use of Oxygen (in short):
Above 10,000' through 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen
135.157 Oxygen Equipment Requirements
Above 10,000' MSL through 15,000' MSL- 10% passengers provided oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 15,000' MSL- Passengers provided oxygen |
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If the summit of Mauna Loa erupted and you fly up there during a tour, what are supplemental oxygen requirements? |
The summit of Mauna Loa is 13,679' MSL. Since the summit is in a pink highlighted area and the flight is a tour, you must fly 1,500' AGL above it, putting you at least at 15,179' MSL.
Since the summit of Mauna Loa is greater than 25 NM, operations must fall under part 135, so:
You, the pilot, must use oxygen when operating above 12,000' MSL. Because you will be operating above 15,000' MSL, your passengers must be provided with supplemental oxygen.
135.89 Pilot Requirements: Use of Oxygen (in short):
Above 10,000' through 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen
135.157 Oxygen Equipment Requirements
Above 10,000' MSL through 15,000' MSL- 10% passengers provided oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 15,000' MSL- Passengers provided oxygen |
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If the you do a charter for the U.S. Geological Service to the top of Mauna Loa, what are the requirements regarding supplemental oxygen? |
The summit of Mauna Loa is 13,678' MSL. The summit is in a pink highlighted area on the Hawaii Air Tours Common Procedures Manual, but this flight is non-tour charter, so that does not apply. Assuming you only fly 500' AGL or less above the summit, that puts you at a maximum altitude of 14,178' MSL
Since the summit of Mauna Loa is greater than 25 NM, operations must fall under part 135, so:
You, the pilot, must use oxygen when operating above 12,000' MSL. If you will be up above 10,000' MSL but below 15,000' MSL for less than 30 minutes, none of your passengers are required to be provided with oxygen; if you will be at those altitudes for more than 30 minutes, 10% of passengers (at least one) must be provided with oxygen.
135.89 Pilot Requirements: Use of Oxygen (in short):
Above 10,000' through 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 12,000' MSL- Pilot must use oxygen
135.157 Oxygen Equipment Requirements
Above 10,000' MSL through 15,000' MSL- 10% passengers provided oxygen if more than 30 mins
Above 15,000' MSL- Passengers provided oxygen |
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During start-up, you discover the oil temperature gauge is inoperative. Is it legal to fly? (Your company aircraft doesn't have an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)) |
No. The oil temp gauge is listed in 91.205 as a required instrument, therefore the pilot cannot determine that the aircraft is in a safe condition for flight. |
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During start-up, you notice the Turn Coordinator is inoperative. Is it legal to fly? (Your company does not have an approved MEL for the aircraft) |
XxxxYes, BUT the instrument must first be removed or disabled and placarded "inoperative" and thus action must be recorded in the maintenance log
91.213 Inoperative instruments and equipment |
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During a tour, approach control notifies you that your transponder is not showing altitude information. Are you allowed to fly into Hilo's Class D airspace? |
Yes. A transponder is not required equipment in Class D airspace. *However, another takeoff is not permitted until fixed unless the company has an MEL and the MEL specifies otherwise
91.205 ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use |
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In what airspace is a Mode C transponder required? |
- Class A, Class B, and Class C airspace
- Within the 30 mile "Mode C" veil
- Above Class B and Class C airspace that is below 10,000' MSL
- Above 10,000' MSL (excluding below (2,500' AGL) (48 contiguous & DC- not applicable to HI)
91.215 (b)
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If you are flying in Class D airspace, must the Mode C transponder in your helicopter be set to "alt"? |
Yes. If you are in controlled airspace and have an operable transponder onboard your aircraft, you must have it turned on. If it is equipped with "Mode C" capabilities, that must be on as well.
91.215 (c) |
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If you are circling the vent at 3,300' MSL, is it okay to turn off your transponder? |
Yes. You are at 500' AGL and therefore in Class G airspace. Since class G airspace is uncontrolled, an operable transponder is not required to be on.
91.215 (c) ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use |
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You are doing a ferry flight and have to stop in Kahului for fuel, and the Mode C function if your transponder has stopped working. Can you enter the airspace? How should you proceed? |
Not without pre-approved clearance. You must first ask tower (ATC with jurisdiction over the airspace). The request can be made at any time. |
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Is it legal to do a "hammerhead" when giving a tour? |
No. Unless each occupant of the aircraft is wearing an approved parachute, no pilot in an aircraft carrying any person (other than a crewmember) may exceed a bank of 60 degrees or a nose-up or nose-down attitude of 30-degrees relative to the horizon 91.307 (c) |
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Who is primarily responsible for maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition? |
The owner or operator
91.403 (a) |
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If you find on the internet that a Special Type Certificate (STC) has been issued for an AS350B2 that allows a camera system to be mounted to the aircraft's stinger, is it legal to mount one to your company helicopter? |
No, a person must not alter an aircraft based on a supplemental type certificate unless the owner or operator of the aircraft is the holder of the supplemental type certificate, or has written permission from the holder
91.403 (d) |
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The blades on your helicopter have just been replaced. Is it okay to fly a tour without first conducting a flight test? |
No, changing the blades may have appreciably changed the aircraft's flight characteristics, so an operational flight check must first be conducted before carrying any person (other than crewmembers). The flight must be approved and logged.
91.407 Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration |
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Must a tour helicopter comply with a 100 hr inspection? |
Not necessarily. 91.409 specifies no person may operate an aircraft carrying any person (other than a crewmember) for hire, but... (c) states this section does not apply to 135 |
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Is there any circumstance in which a 100 hr inspection may be exceeded? |
Yes. It can be exceeded by not more than 10 hours while enroute to a place where an inspection can be done. The excess time used must be included when computing the next 100 hours of time in service.
91.409 (b) Inspections (but see c) |
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Do the rules for an annual and 100 hr inspection as prescribed in "Part 91.409 Inspections" apply to Safari Helicopters? |
No, 91.409 (c) (2) specifies that an aircraft inspected in accordance with an approved inspection program under part 135 of this chapter and so identified by the registration number in the operations specifications of the certificate holder having the approved inspection program need not comply with the annual or 100 hour inspection requirements listed. |
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How often must a transponder be tested and inspected? |
Within the preceding 24 calendar months
91.413 ATC transponder tests and inspections |
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What 3 things must be included in the paperwork with regards to records of maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration records of the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections. |
- A description of the work performed
- The date of completion of the work performed
- The signature and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return to service
91.417 Maintenance records |
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List some examples of the types of maintenance records which must be kept by an operator. |
- Total time in service of the airframe, engine, each rotor
- Current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, each rotor
- Time since last overhaul of all items installed which are required to be overhauled on a specific time basis
- The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since required by the inspection program under which the aircraft is to be maintained
- Current status of Airworthiness Directives (AD). If he AD involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required must also be included
- Appropriate forms (prescribed by 43.9 (d)) regarding major alteration to the airframe, engines, and/or rotors
91.417 (a) (2) Maintenance records |
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Why is Freddy allowed to work on the helicopter even though he is not a licensed mechanic? |
??But see (f) does it apply?
43.3 (c) authorizes persons working under the supervision of a holder of a mechanic or repairman certificate may perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations that his supervisor is authorized to perform, if the supervisor observes the work being done to the extent necessary to ensure that it is being done properly and if the supervisor is readily available, in person, for consultation. However, he is not authorized to perform any inspection required under (Part 91) or any inspection performed after a major repair or alteration.
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Are you, the pilot, allowed to perform preventive maintenance on Safari's helicopter in which you operate without the oversight of an authorized mechanic? |
No.
43.3 (g) specifies holder of a pilot certificate issued under Part 61 may perform preventive maintenance on any aircraft owned or operated by that pilot which is not used under part 135.
43.3 (h) specifies that (g) doesn't apply if the Administrator approves a 135 certificate holder operating a rotorcraft in a remote area, to allow a pilot to perform specific preventive maintenance items provided - the preventive maintenance required occurs en route to or in a remote area - the pilot has completed an approved training program and is authorized in writing by the certificate holder for each item of preventive maintenance that the pilot is authorized to perform - there is no certificates mechanic available - the certificate holder has procedures to evaluate the accomplishment of a preventive maintenance item that requires a decision concerning the airworthiness of the rotorcraft - the items of preventive maintenance are authorized by paragraph (c) Appendix A of this part |
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What is the definition of a life-limited part? |
Any part for which a mandatory replacement limit is specified in the type design, the instructions for Continued Airworthiness, or the maintenance manual.
43.10 Disposition of life-limited aircraft parts |
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When a life-limited part is removed from an aircraft, what must be done? |
The part must be controlled using a record keeping system, labeled, marked, segregated, or mutilated to deter the installation of the part after it has reached its life limit.
43.10 Disposition of life-limited aircraft parts |
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Where can you find information on what standards you will be held to during a Second-Class Medical certification? |
Part 67 Subpart C |
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What does FAR part 119 concern and to whom does it apply? |
Like part 61, it concerns certification requirements, but in this case it's certification for air carriers and commercial operators.
It applies to each person operating or intending to operate civil aircraft as an air carrier or commercial operator, which includes 135 operations
119.1 Applicability |
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What are some operations that do not fall under part 119 and therefore do not have to abide by the rules of 135 and may be operated under part 91? |
- Student instruction
- Nonstop Commercial Air Tours that begin and end at the same airport, and are conducted within a 25 SM radius of that airport (in compliance with the Letter of Authorization)
- Ferry or training flights
- Aerial work operations, including: -- crop dusting, seeding, spraying, and bird chasing -- banner towing -- aerial photography or survey -- fire fighting -- helicopter operations for construction or repair work (but it does apply to transportation to and from the site of operations) -- powerline and pipeline patrol
- parachute operations within a 25 SM radius
- Helicopter flights conducted within a 25 SM radius of the airport of takeoff if: -- not more than 2 pax -- flight is Day VFR -- 100 hr inspection complied with -- FSDO is notified 73 hrs in advance and approved the flight -- No more than 6 of these flights per year -- No cargo is carried
133 Ops (longline)
- Emergency mail service
- Candidates carried in elections
119.1 (e) Applicability |
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What FAR section requires operations specifications for commercial air carriers or operators? |
Part 119
119.7 Operations specifications |
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What section lays out the requirements for management personnel under part 135? |
Part 119
119.69 Management personnel required for operations conducted under part 135 of this chapter |
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What does part 135 contain? |
Operating requirements for commuter and on demand operations and rules governing persons on board such aircraft |
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If operating under part 135 and you are required to deviate from the rules of 135 in an emergency, what must you follow up with? |
Within 10 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays) you must send a complete report of the deviation including a description of the deviation and the reasons for it to the FSDO.
135.19 Emergency operations |
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Where must the General Operations Manual be kept? |
- At its principal base of operations
- Made available to maintenance and ground operations personnel and furnished to (this may be done in printed form or other form) -- it's Flight crewmembers (pilots) -- the FAA
- On each aircraft when away from the principal operations base; if the aircraft inspections are conducted at specified stations where it keeps the approved inspection program manual, it is not required to carry the Manual aboard the aircraft enroute to those stations
135.21 Manual Requirements |
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In what section can you find a detailed list of the required manual contents that are to be included in the General Operations Manual (GOM)? |
135.23 Manual Contents |
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If an operator owns an aircraft to be used under part 135 operations, is it allowed to use that same aircraft for operations outside of part 135? |
Yes
135.25 (b) Aircraft Requirements |
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If a 135 operator violates the 91.19 (a) rule regarding carriage of narcotic drugs, marijuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances, what is this grounds for with regard to the operator's certificate? |
The operators certificate may be suspended or revoked
135.41 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marijuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances |
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Where should the aircraft maintenance log for recording or deferring mechanical irregularities and their correction be kept? |
On board each aircraft
135.65 (a) Reporting mechanical irregularities |
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What should you, the PIC, do if a mechanical irregularity comes to your attention? |
You should enter or have entered in the aircraft maintenance log each mechanical irregularity. Before each flight, the PIC shall determine the status of each irregularity entered in the maintenance log at the end of the preceding flight
135.65 (b) Reporting mechanical irregularities |
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During approach to runway 3, you notice the front row lights of the VASI is inoperative. Nothing has been included in the NOTAMS regarding this failure. What should you do? |
You should report it to the appropriate ground station (Hilo tower in this case)
135.67 states that whenever a pilot encounters a potentially hazardous meteorological condition or an irregularity in a ground facility or navigation aid in flight, the knowledge of which the pilot considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot shall notify an appropriate ground radio station as soon as practicable |
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If you discover via "Volcano traffic" there has been a bomb threat at the Hilo airport, what should you, the PIC, do? |
Find somewhere else to land until the situation is dealt with.
135.69 (a) states that if you know of hazardous operating conditions, including airport and runway conditions, You shall restrict or suspend operations as necessary until those conditions are corrected.
135.69 (b) states that the PIC may not continue towards an airport unless, in the opinion of the PIC, the conditions that are a hazard to safe operations may reasonable be expected to be corrected by the ETA. - If there is no safer procedure, the continuation towards the airport is an emergency situation under 135.18 |
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Is it the responsibility of the PIC to determine whether the proper airworthiness inspections have been completed? |
Yes! 135.71 states that the PIC may not begin a flight unless the pilot determines the airworthiness inspections required by 91.409 or 135.419, whichever is applicable, have been made |
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If the FAA asks to do an aircraft walk-around after your 9:30 flight, is he within his rights to make you shut down and carry out the inspection? |
Yes.
135.73 Inspections and Tests
Each certificate holder and each person employed by the certificate holder shall allow the Administrator, at any time or place, to make inspections or tests (including en route inspections) to determine the holder's compliance with applicable regulations, the certificate holder's operating certificate, and operations specifications |
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If an FAA inspector wishes to perform an en route inspection, what must be provided to him? |
A forward observer' s or forward passenger's seat with headset or speaker.
135.75 Inspectors credentials: admission to pilots' compartment: Forward observer's seat |
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According to FAR part 135, who is responsible for operational control and where should the name and title of each person authorized to exercise operational control be written? |
-Each certificate holder is responsible for operational control
- The name and title of each person authorized to exercise operational control must be included in the General Operations Manual (GOM) 135.77 |
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What part of the FAR specifies flight locating requirements? |
Part 135, specifically:
135.79 Flight locating requirements |
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In addition to informing each person in its employment of the operations specifications that apply to that person's duties and responsibilities, what things must each certificate holder make available to you, the PIC? |
- Airport Information Manual (AIM)
- Pacific Chart Supplement (PCS)
- FAR parts 91 & 135
- Aircraft Flight Manual
135.81 Informing personnel of operational information and appropriate changes |
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What materials must be used by the pilot and provided and accessible to the pilot at the pilot station? |
- A cockpit checklist that includes: -- (1) Before starting engines -- (2) Before takeoff -- (3) Cruise -- (4) Before landing -- (5) After landing -- (6) Stopping engines
- Pertinent aeronautical charts
135.83 Operating information required |
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Why doesn't Safari allow carry-on bags during tours? |
135.87 states that no person may carry cargo, including carry-on baggage, in or on any aircraft unless: - It is carried in an approved cargo rack, bin, or compartment installed in or on the aircraft; - It is secured by an approved means; or - It is carried in accordance to each of the following: -- For carry-on baggage, it is restrained so as to prevent its movement during air turbulence -- It is packaged or covered to avoid possible injury to occupants -- It does not exceed load limitations -- It does not block exits -- It is not carried directly above seated occupants -- it is stowed during takeoff and landing - Each passenger seat under which baggage is stowed shall be fitted with a means to prevent stowed articles from sliding under crash impacts - Must allow pilot to reach fire extinguisher
*Note: If Safari wanted time change it’s policy and allow carry-on baggage, this could be requested and updated in the OpsSpecs with FAA approval |
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When operating under FAR part 135, what are the pilot requirements for oxygen use? |
135.89 For unpressurized aircraft:
Above 10,000' through 12,000' MSL: For that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of 30+ minutes
Above 12,000' MSL: Continuously |
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When operating under FAR part 135, what are the pilot requirements for oxygen use? |
For unpressurized aircraft:
Above 10,000' through 12,000' MSL: For that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of 30+ minutes
Above 12,000' MSL: Continuously
135.89 Pilot requirements: Use of oxygen |
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According to FAR part 135, if a person with a portable oxygen concentrator shows up for a tour, may that person be allowed on board with the concentrator? |
Yes, as of August 22, 2016
135.91 (a), (b), & (f) Oxygen and portable oxygen concentrator for medical use by passengers
No person may smoke or create an open flame within10 feet if the concentrator
The concentrator must: - Be legally marked - Not radiate radio frequencies that interfere with aircraft systems - Meets specific pressure and temp requirement
The person with the tank may not sit in an exit seat
The device must be stowed during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing
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What are "critical phases of flight"? |
Critical phases of flight includes all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff, and landing, and all other phases of flight below 10,000', except cruise flight
135.100 (c) Flight crewmember duties |
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Is it legal to thank passengers for flying with Safari Helicopters during landing? |
No. Landing is considered a critical phase of flight and the pilot is required to attend to performing required duties and avoid distractions such as announcements made to passengers promoting the company or sights of interest |
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If a passenger is a flight instructor, may he operate the flight controls if operating under part 135? |
No.
135.115 Manipulation of controls
No person may manipulate the flight controls unless that person is: - a pilot employed by the certificate holder and qualified in the aircraft - an authorized FAA safety representative who has the permission of the PIC, is qualified in the aircraft, and is checking flight operations |
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Under part 135, what items must the PIC ensure that all passengers have been briefed on? |
- Smoking and when, where, and under what conditions it is prohibited
- Use of seat belts including instructions in how to fasten and unfasten them
- Opening of passenger doors and emergency exits
- Location of survival equipment
- If the flight involves extended overwater operation, ditching procedures and the use of required flotation equipment
- Use of oxygen if operating above 12,000' MSL
- Location & operation of fire extinguishers
- If a rotorcraft operation involves flight beyond autorotational distance from the shoreline, use of life preservers, ditching procedures, and emergency exit from the rotorcraft in the event of a ditching, and the location and use of life rafts and other life preserver devices if applicable
If a person (disabled, etc) may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit if an emergency occurs, the PIC must ensure the person providing the assistance
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Under part 135 may the required oral briefing be given by ground crew? |
Yes, BUT the other person must be designated by the certificate holder AND approved by the FAA (Safari hasn’t had that approval).
135.117 (c) & (d) |
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What must supplement the oral briefing required under part 135? |
Printed cards carried in the aircraft in locations convenient for the use of each passenger
135.117 (e) |
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Under part 135, can weapons be carried while onboard an aircraft? |
Yes, but only those people authorized by the certificate holder (check GOM) and state & federal employees authorized to carry arms
135.119 Prohibition against carriage of weapons |
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During a charter, your rich guests request that they drink champagne during their flight. Can you allow this? |
Yes, but only if:
- the certificate holder serves it
- that person does not appear to be intoxicated
- no certificate holder may allow any person to board the aircraft if that person appears to be intoxicated
135.121 Alcoholic beverages |
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According to part 135, where must a certificate holder's crew members' emergency evacuation duties be located? |
In the General Operations Manual (GOM)
135.123 Emergency and emergency evacuation duties |
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How old must a child be in order to be held in a seat by an adult? |
The child must not have reached his/her second birthday
135.128 Use of safety belts and child restraint systems |
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Under part 135, may a certificate holder deem that cell phones may be operated during flight? |
Yes, a 119 certificate holder may make that determination
135.144 Portable electronic devices |
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Under part 135, may a certificate holder deem that cell phones may be operated during flight? |
Yes, a 119 certificate holder may make that determination
135.145 Portable electronic devices |
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Under part 135, may a passenger be allowed in the aircraft if he has an electronic heart pacemaker? |
Yes
135.144 Portable electronic devices |
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Is it okay to remove the fire extinguisher from the flight deck and instead store it in the rear compartment? |
No, at least one fire extinguisher must be conveniently located on the flight deck for use by the crew (pilot)
135.155 Fire extinguishers: Passenger-carrying aircraft |
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What are the 135 passenger oxygen supply requirements for unpressurized aircraft? |
Above 10,000' through 15,000' MSL:
- Oxygen supplied to at least 10% of (one) passengers for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is over 30 mins duration
Above 15,000' MSL:
- Supplied to each passenger 135.157 |
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What are the 135 passenger oxygen supply requirements for unpressurized aircraft? |
Above 10,000' through 15,000' MSL:
- Oxygen supplied to at least 10% of (one) passengers for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is over 30 mins duration
Above 15,000' MSL:
- Supplied to each passenger
135.157 Oxygen equipment requirements
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What are the 135 minimum equipment requirements for VFR night operations? |
- Slip skid indicator (the ball)
- Gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicator (Attitude Indicator (AI))
- Gyroscopic direction indicator (Heading Indicator / HSI)
- Generator
- Anticollision / strobe light
- Instrument lights to light instruments, switches, & gauges
- Flashlight w/ size "D" cells
135.159
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Must a helicopter operating under part 135 be equipped with a radio altimeter? |
Yes. 135.160 states that after April 24, 2017, no person may operate a rotorcraft unless that rotorcraft is equipped with an operable FAA-approved radio altimeter |
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Under Part 135, what is the minimum altitude a helicopter may operate over a congested area? |
300' AGL over congested area
135.203 VFR: Minimum altitudes |
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For operations under part 135, what are the minimum VFR visibility requirements for helicopters operating 1,200' AGL or less or within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class A, B, C, D, or E airspace designated for an airport? |
Day: 1/2 mile
Night: 1 mile
135.205 VFR: Visibility requirements |
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When conducting a charter operating under 135, is it okay to fly in-between cloud layers? |
No. 135.207 states no person may operate a helicopter under VFR unless that person has visual surface reference or, at night, visual surface light reference, sufficient to safely control the helicopter *also 135.243 (4) *135.181 and 135.211 allow it, but it says aircraft, 135.207 specifies for helicopters that the answer is no. |
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Under 135, if you land with less than 20 mins of fuel, are you breaking the law? |
No.
135.209 (b) states no person may begin a helicopter flight operation unless it has enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, and assuming normal cruising fuel consumption, to fly after that for at least 20 mins
It makes no mention of actually completing the flight with that much fuel |
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Is it okay to use Harry Durgan’s “Puna Weather” Facebook group to determine if the weather conditions are safe for flight before a 135 charter flight? |
No.
135.213 states that when required to use a weather report or forecast, it must be from the NWS, approved by the NWS, or another source approved by the administrator. However, for operations under VFR, the PIC may, if such a report is not available, use WX info based on that pilot’s own observations or on those of other persons competent to supply appropriate observations. |
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What are the minimum certificate and hourly qualifications in order to serve as a PIC in 135 passenger-carrying operations? |
- Commercial pilot certificate (proper category & class)
- 500 hrs flight time, including --100 hrs cross-country, of which --- 25 hrs were night cross country 135.243 (b) |
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Under 135, what are the recent flight experience requirements? |
No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve, as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers unless, within the preceding 90 days, that person has-
- made 3 takeoffs and 3 landings as sole manipulator of controls in same category & class
- for operation during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise: 3 takeoffs and 3 landings as sole manipulator of controls in same category & class
135.247 |
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What is the maximum allowable commercial flight time listed under part 135? |
"5-8-14"
- 500 hrs per calendar quarter
- 800 hrs in two consecutive calendar quarters
- 1,400 hrs per calendar year
135.267 (a) Flight time limitations and rest requirements: Unscheduled one- and two- pilot crews |
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What are the commercial flying rest requirements and maximum flight hours during any 24 hr consecutive period? |
- 8 hrs flight time --10 consecutive hours of rest
135.367 (b) & (d) Flight time limitations and rest requirements: Unscheduled one- and two- pilot crews |
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What happens if you, the PIC, accidentally exceed 8 hours of commercial flight time during a shift? |
You must be provided extra rest time of at least:
If exceed 8 hrs by no more than 30 mins: - 11 consecutive hours rest
If exceed 8 hrs by 30-60 mins: - 12 consecutive hours rest
If exceed 8 hrs by more than 60 mins: - 16 consecutive hours |
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What is the required rest time per each calendar quarter? |
13 days (24 hr periods) per quarter |
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What is the definition of a calendar day? |
The period of elapsed time, using Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu) or local time, that begins at midnight and ends 24 hours later at the next midnight
135.273 Duty period limitations and rest time requirements |
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What is the definition of a duty period? |
The period of elapsed time between reporting for assignment involving flight time and release from that assignment by the certificate holder. The time is calculated using either Coordinated Universal Time or local time to reflect the total elapsed time.
135.273 Duty period limitations and rest time requirements |
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What is the definition of rest period? |
The period free of all responsibility for work or duty should the occasion arise.
135.273 Duty period limitations and rest time requirements |
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You just got hired at a new 135 company. What should you expect to be on the initial (written or oral) exam? |
- The appropriate provisions of: -- parts 61, 91, and 135 --The operations specifications (OpsSpecs) --General Operations Manual
- For each type of aircraft to be flown by the pilot: -- powerplant/engine -- major components and systems -- major appliances -- performance and operating limitations -- standard and emergency operating procedures -- applicable contents of the Aircraft Flight Manual
- For each type of aircraft to be flown, the method of determining weight and balance limitations for takeoff, landing, and en route operations
- Navigation and use of air navigation aids (NAVAIDs) appropriate to the operation
- Meteorology, in general, including the principals of: -- Frontal systems -- Icing -- Fog -- Thunderstorms -- Windshear -- High altitude weather, if appropriate for the operations of the certificate holder
- Procedures for: -- Recognizing and avoiding severe weather situations -- Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters -- Operating in or near: --- Thunderstorms (including best penetrating altitudes) --- Turbulent air (including clear air turbulence) --- Icing --- Hail --- Other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions
- New equipment, procedures, or techniques, as appropriate
- Procedures for rotorcraft handling in flat-light, whiteout, and brownout conditions, including methods for recognizing and avoiding those conditions
135.293 (a) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements |
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How often is a competency check required to be given to a 135 pilot? |
At least every 12 months
135.293 (b) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements |
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Who must give a 135 competency check? |
The Administrator (FAA) or an authorized competency check pilot.
135.293 (b) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements |
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What can you expect to be included in the 135 competency check? |
Any of the maneuvers and procedures currently required for the original issuance of the particular pilot certificate required for operations (commercial) appropriate to the category, class, and type ("type" in this case means basic make and model, aka AS350B2) of aircraft involved.
- Each competency check given in a rotorcraft must include a demonstration of the pilot's ability to maneuver solely by reference to instruments - The check must determine the pilot's ability to safely maneuver the rotorcraft into visual meteorological conditions (VMC) following an inadvertent encounter with (IMC). For competency checks in non-IFR certified rotorcraft, the pilot must perform such maneuvers as are appropriate to the rotorcraft's installed equipment, the certificate holder's operations specifications, and the operating environment.
135.293 (b) & (c) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements |
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What is the point of a 135 competency check, and to what extent will you be tested? |
- An annual competency check is given in order to determine the pilot's competence in practical skills and techniques in that aircraft.
- The extent of the competency check shall be determined by the Administrator or authorized check pilot conducting the competency check
135.293 (b) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements
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To what standard should you expect to be held when conducting a 135 competency check? |
A competency check requires:
- Competent performance of procedures and maneuvers with the successful outcome of the maneuver never in doubt
- The pilot is an obvious master of the aircraft
135.293 (e) Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements |
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If the 135 company for which you work flies AS350B2s and EC130s, must you perform an annual "flight check" over a route segment in both types of aircraft to be flown? |
No.
135.299 (a) requires the pilot to pass a flight check in one of the types of aircraft which that pilot is to fly |
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How often must a 135 "flight check" be completed? |
Every year...
"Since the beginning of the 12th calendar month before that service"
135.299 Pilot in command: Line checks: Routes and airports |
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What is included in a 135 "flight check"? |
The flight check shall:
- Consist of at least one flight over one route segment
- Include takeoffs and landings at one or more representative airports
135.299 Pilot in command: Line checks: Routes and airports |
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You had an injury which rendered you unable to fly for 5 months. According to 135, what must you do before continuing flight? |
135.299 (c) Pilot in command: Line checks: Routes and airports
- Each certificate holder shall establish in the GOM a procedure which will ensure that each pilot who has not flown over a route and into an airport within the preceding 90 days will, before beginning the flight, become familiar with all available information required for safe operation of that flight.
*also don’t forget about the 3 takeoffs/landings for carrying pax after 90 days |
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If your last competency test and check was in April 2017 and you don't complete another another one until May 2018, was it illegal for you to fly in May 2018 during the time before you completed your tests and checks? |
No. A grace month is given.
135.301 Crewmwmber: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards
(a) If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check under this part, completes the test or flight check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which it is required |
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Your last competency test and check was given in April 2017. You will be absent for vacation for all of April 2018, so you complete your test and flight check in March 2018 instead. When will your next test and check be due? |
They will still be due in your normal month of April (with a grace month in May) 2019
135.391 Crewmwmber: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards
(a) If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check under this part, completes the test or flight check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which it is required |
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If you fail to hit near the designated spot on your 135 competency check and therefore fail that maneuver, when may you be allowed to receive additional training and be tested again on that maneuver? |
The person giving the check may allow you, the pilot, to receive training during the check and re-test you on the maneuver to proficiency.
135.301 Crewmwmber: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards
(b) If a pilot being checked under this subpart failed any of the required maneuvers, the person giving the check may give additional training to the pilot during the course of the check. In addition to repeating the maneuvers failed, the person giving the check may require the pilot being checked to repeat any other maneuvers that are necessary to determine the pilot's proficiency. If the pilot being checked is unable to demonstrate satisfactory performance to the person conducting the check, the certificate holder may not use the pilot, nor may the pilot serve, as a flight crewmember in operations under this part until the pilot has satisfactorily completed the check. |
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What does FAR part 136 contain? |
Commercial Air Tours and National Parks Air Tour Management |
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Do 136 requirements apply to part 91 operators conducting flights under 119.1 (e) (2) (within 25 SM tours)? |
Yes
136 is applicable to:
- Part 121 and 135 operators conducting a commercial air tour and holding a part 119 certificate
- Part 91 operators conducting flights as described in 119.1 (e) (2)
- Part 91 operators conducting flights as described in 91.146 (charity events)
136.1 (b) |
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What is the 136 definition of a Commercial Air Tour and what factors might the FAA consider in determining whether a flight is a commercial air tour? |
- A flight conducted for compensation or hire in an airplane or helicopter where a purpose of the flight is sightseeing
- The FAA may consider the following factors in determining whether a flight is a commercial air tour: -- Whether there was a holding out to the public of willingness to conduct a sightseeing flight for compensation or hire -- whether the person offering the flight provided a narrative that referred to areas or points of interest on the surface below the route of flight -- the area of operation -- how often the person offering the flight conducts such flights -- the route of the flight -- the inclusion of sightseeing flights as part of any travel arrangement package -- whether the flight in question would have been cancelled based on poor visibility of the surface below the route if the flight -- any other factors the FAA considers appropriate
136.1 (d) |
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What is the 136 definition of raw terrain? |
Any area on the surface, including water, devoid of any person, structure, vehicle, or vessel.
136.1 (d) |
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What is the 136 definition of shoreline? |
That area of the land adjacent to the water of an ocean, sea, lake, pond, river, or tidal basin that is above the higher water mark and excludes land areas unsuitable for landing such as vertical cliffs or land intermittently under water during the particular flight.
136.1 (d) |
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Must a designated suitable landing area for helicopters provide reasonable capability to land without damage to equipment or injury to persons? |
Yes
136.1 (d) |
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What must commercial air tour operators in Hawaii comply with? |
Additional requirements and restrictions set forth by Appendix A to part 136 Note: OpsSpec B048 along with the Hawaii Air Tours Common Procedures Manual allow deviation from the altitude requirement of above 1,500’ AGL in the State of Hawaii
136.5 Additional requirements for Hawaii |
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According to 136, if you are operating over water at the ocean entry, must your passengers wear life preservers? |
Yes, if the aircraft is not equipped with floats. If it is equipped with floats, the life preserver is readily available and accessible (but not necessarily on)
It is not required if the overwater operation is necessary only for takeoff and landing
136.9 Life preservers over water |
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Must a helicopter used in commercial air tours that operates over water beyond the shoreline be equipped with floats? |
No.
136.11 (c) (1) & (2) state that floats are not required for a helicopter if:
- The helicopter is over water only during the takeoff or landing portion of the flight; or
- The helicopter is operated within power off gliding distance to the shoreline for the duration of the flight and each occupant is wearing a life preserver from before takeoff until the aircraft is no longer over water
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Must a performance plan be completed before each helicopter commercial air tour? |
Yes.
136.13 Helicopter performance plan and operations |
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What must be included in the performance plan in which the pilot is required to review and comply with for each commercial air tour? |
The performance plan must be based on the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM) for that helicopter, taking into consideration the maximum density altitude for which the operation is planned, in order to determine:
- max gross weight and CG limitations for hovering IGE
- max gross weight and CG limitations for hovering OGE
- Maximum combination of weight, altitude, and temperature for which height/velocity (H/V) information in the RFM is valid
136.13 (a) Helicopter performance plan and operations |
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Must a pilot remain outside of the caution/warning/shaded area of the H/V diagram at all times when conducting commercial air tours? |
Yes, except for the approach and transition from a hover for the purpose of takeoff and landing, or during takeoff and landing, the PIC must make a reasonable plan to operate the helicopter outside of the cation/warning/avoid area of the limiting H/V diagram
136.13 (b) & (c) Helicopter performance plan and operations |
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What does 49 CFR Part 830 contain? |
Notification and reporting of aircraft accidents or incidents and overdue aircraft, and preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and records |
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What is the definition of an aircraft accident? |
An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.
830.2 Definitions |
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What is the definition of a fatal injury? |
Any injury which results in death within 30 days of the accident.
830.2 Definitions |
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What is the definition of an incident? |
An occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.
830.2 Definitions |
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What is the definition of a serious injury? |
Any injury which:
- Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the date the injury was received
- Results in the fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose)
- Causes severe hemorrhage, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage
- Involves any internal organ
- Involves second- or third-degree burns, or any burns covering more than 5% of the body surface
830.2 Definitions |
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What is the definition of substantial damage? |
Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component.
The following items are NOT considered substantial damage:
- engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged
- bent fairings or cowling
- dented skin
- small punctured holes in the skin or fabric
- ground damage to rotor blades
- damage to landing gear
- damage to engine accessories
830.2 Definitions
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What requires immediate notification to the nearest NTSB office? |
- An aircraft accident or any of the following listed serious incidents:
-- Flight control system malfunction or failure
-- Inability of any required flight crewmember to perform normal flight duties as a result of injury or illness
-- Failure if any internal turbine engine component that results in the escape of debris other than out the exhaust path
-- In-flight fire
-- Aircraft collision in flight
-- Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair or fair market value in the event of a total loss, whichever is less
-- Release of a propeller blade from an aircraft, excluding release caused solely by ground contact
-- Loss of electric cockpit display
-- Damage to helicopter main rotor or tail rotor blades, including ground damage, that requires major repair or replacement of the blade(s)
- An aircraft is overdue and is believed to have been involved in an accident
830.5 Immediate notification |
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If you have an accident, where can you go in the FAR to determine the information in which you are supposed to relay? |
830.6 Information to be given in notification |
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If you have an engine failure and unsuccessfully land the auto to runway 3, what should you do if you have to move some of the wreckage out of the way in order for a plane to land? |
You should take a photo before moving the wreckage
830.10 Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and records |
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If you have an accident, within how many days must you file a written report? |
10 days
830.15 (a) Reports and statements to be filed |
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If a passenger breaks his finger when Doreen shuts the door, must you immediately notify the NTSB? |
No. You must report bone fractures except for simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose
830.2 & 830.5 |
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If you damage the tail rotor blades when performing a practice autorotation, must you report it to the NTSB if that was the only damage acquired? Was it an "accident"? Must you file a written report? |
- Yes, you must report damage to helicopter tail or main rotor blades immediately to the NTSB
- No, ground damage to rotor blades is not considered substantial damage and therefore is not an accident. It is, however, listed as a "serious incident" in 830.5(a)
- You must file a written report only if requested by the an authorized representative of the NTSB
830.2, 839.5, & 830.15 |
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